特斯拉专利原件一 申请号：512340 公开日：1894年1月9日
美国专利局
一种COIL FOR ELECTRO-MAGNETS.电磁线圈
尼古拉特斯拉，纽约县，纽约州
专利申请号：512340 公开日：1894年1月9日
Application filed July 7, 1893. 提交申请日：1893年7月7日 Serial No. 479,804. 申请编号：479804 (No model.) （无模型）
图一：
致相关负责人：
众所周知，我尼古拉特斯拉是一个美国公民，定居在纽约州纽约县。针对电磁线圈或其他设备的线圈，我发明了一种实用新型的改进方法。参考该发明的图纸，对其做出以下详细说明。
在采用交流电的电力设备（系统）中，事实上，在许多情况下，由于提供电流不合适，线圈或导线的自感应会引起危害，而这种危害经常被认为是降低了系统中设备的经济效率或者在其他方面产生不利影响。大家都知道，将自感应和电流频率联系在一起考虑，配合适当程度的容性电路，这种自感应的影响就会被抵消。迄今为止，电容器作为独立设备被生产和应用，通过对电容的使用成功地改善了电路的性能。
但是电容造价昂贵，且笨重，同时使用电容很难维持理想状态，因此，我现在的发明是构造一种线圈并让线圈本身来完成同样的终极目标。
我要指出我所说的“线圈”通常是指螺旋线圈、螺线管，实际上即导线。根据导线的用途或用法的需求，在导线的各部分之间引入螺旋式的关系曲线，以便极大地提高导线的自感应现象。
我已经发现在每一个线圈中，自感和电容都存在一定的关系。这种关系允许给定频率的电流和电压通过它的时候，除电阻外没有其他阻碍作用，或者，换句话说，此时它不再具有自感应。这是由于电流的特殊特征、线圈自感和线圈电容三者之间相互影响，共存在一个系统中，电容量恰恰可以抵消那种频率下产生的自感。众所周知，频率越高或者电流两端的电压差越大，补偿自感所要求的电容量就越少，因此，在任何的线圈中，如果它在其他方面本身状况安全，那么不管电容量多小，要补偿上述的自感是足够的。在普通的线圈中，相邻匝数的线圈或螺旋线之间的电压差是很小的，以至于认为它们是某种意义上的电容(编者注:即分布电容) 。由于此分布电容过小，而且一般情况下此电容和自感的相关性也很小，所以通常情况下会被忽略。
为了达到我的目标，即恰当地增加任何给定线圈的分布电容。我的绕制方式尽量保证增加相邻匝数或绕线之间的电位差，每匝相对后面的线圈而言形成分布电容，它储存的能量和相邻绕线之间的电压差的平方成比例。很明显，对于增加给定的绕线之间电位差的要求，按照这种方法，适当的绕制这些线圈，可以大大地增加其电容量。
我已经在附图中用图解的方法阐明了我实现此项发明所采用方案的一般特征。
图1是一个使用普通方式缠绕的线圈，图2是一个我设计的绕组，这种缠绕方式确保实现我这个发明目标。
图1中的A代表任何给定的绕在上面的线圈，且绕线之间相互绝缘。假定这线圈绕1000圈，其终端显示出100伏的电压，然后考虑任何相邻绕线上两个相邻的点之间的电压情况，假定在它们之间的电压为1/10伏。如图2所示，如果现在有一根导线B和导线A平行缠绕并且与A绝缘，同时A的末端与B的起始端相连，这两个导线的总长度满足假定的绕线匝数，也就是1000圈，此时导线A和导线B的任何相邻点间的电压将达到50伏，并且由于电容效应与这个电压的平方成比例，所以，总的来说，整个线圈中电容存储的能量将比传统绕法大250000倍。根据这个原理，我可以绕制任何给定的全部或部分线圈，不仅仅是采用在此说明的方式，还会采用更多不同的方式。为的是确保相邻绕线能够产生一定的电压，而这将会提供合适的电容量去补偿任何可以采用的给定电流所产生的自感应。按这种特殊的方式获得的电容有一个优点，即它是均匀分布的，这一点在许多情况下都是首要考虑的。这样做的结果是既经济又高效。随着电压或电流频率的增加，可以更容易和更方便地获得与线圈尺寸相关的电容量。
由独立的绞线或导线一圈接一圈按顺序联接而成的线圈，对它们本身来说，并不新鲜，我认为没有必要对此再做更详细的描述。但是，迄今为止，就我所知，其他人考虑目标的实现方式和我的有本质上的区别，即使是偶然获得这种缠绕方式，我所得到的结果，还没有被欣赏或者是利用。
在进行这项发明的过程中，观察到在该技术领域精通于此的人很容易理解这些事实，即，电容和自感的关系，电流频率和电压的关系。因此，对于任何给定的情况，想要得到多大的电容量，采用哪种特殊的缠绕方式，很容易从其他已知的条件中得到。
关于此项发明，我声明以下几点：
1. 对于电子装置，构成线圈的相邻绕线也是电路的一部分，像上面描述的那样，绕线
之间存在电压应保证能够补偿线圈中的自感。
2. 电气上顺序联接的连续或相邻绝缘导线所构成的线圈。如前所述，相邻绝缘导线之间应能产生一定的电压，以便于供给线圈整体上需要补偿的自感。
尼古拉特斯拉
证人：
ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
PARKER W. PAGE
来源：http://www.tesla8.com/read.php?tid-894.html
原文：
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Coils for Electro-Magnets and other apparatus, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the same.
In electric apparatus or systems in, which alternating currents are employed the self-induction of the coils or conductors may, and, in fact, in many cases does operate disadvantageously by giving rise to false currents which often reduce what is known as the commercial efficiency of the apparatus composing the system or operate detrimentally in other respects. The effects of self-induction, above referred to, are known to be neutralized by proportioning to a proper degree the capacity of the circuit with relation to the self-induction and frequency of the currents. This has been accomplished heretofore by the use of condensers constructed and applied as separate instruments.
My present invention has for its object to avoid the employment of condensers, which are expensive, cumbersome and difficult to maintain in perfect condition, and to so construct the coils themselves as to accomplish the same ultimate object.
I would here state that by the term coils I desire to include generally helices, solenoids, or, in fact, any conductor the different parts of which by the requirements of its application or use are brought into such relations with each other as to materially increase the self-induction.
I have found that in every coil there exists a certain relation between its self-induction and capacity that permits, a current of given frequency and potential to pass through it with no other opposition than that of ohmic resistance, or, in other words, as though it possessed no self-induction. This is due to the mutual relations existing between the special character of the current and the self-induction and capacity of the coil, the latter quantity being just capable of neutralizing the self-induction for that frequency. It is well known that the higher the frequency or potential difference of the current the smaller the capacity required to counteract the self-induction; hence, in any coil, however small the capacity, it may be sufficient for the purpose stated if the proper conditions in other respects be secured in the ordinary coils the difference of potential between adjacent turns or spirals is very small, so that while they are in a sense condensers, they possess but very small capacity and the relations between the two quantities, self-induction and capacity, are not such as under any ordinary conditions satisfy the requirements herein contemplated, because the capacity relatively to the self-induction is very small.
In order to attain my object and to properly increase the capacity of any given coil, I wind it in such way as to secure a greater difference of potential between its adjacent turns or convolutions, and since the energy stored in the coil-considering the latter as a condenser, is proportionate to the square of the potential difference between its adjacent convolutions, it is evident that I may in this way secure by the proper disposition of these convolutions I greatly increased capacity for a given increase in potential difference between the turns.
I have illustrated diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings the general nature of the plan which I adopt for carrying out this invention.
Figure 1 is a diagram of a coil wound in the ordinary manner. Fig. 2 is a diagram of a winding designed to secure the objects of my invention.
Let Fig. 1, designate any given coil the spires or convolutions of which are wound upon and insulated from each other. Let it be assumed that the terminals of this coil show a potential difference of one hundred volts, and that there are one thousand convolutions: then considering any two contiguous points on adjacent convolutions let it be assumed that there will exist between them a potential difference of one-tenth of a volt. If now, as shown in Fig. 2, a conductor B be wound parallel with the conductor A and insulated from it, and the end of A be connected with the starting point of B, the aggregate length of the two conductor being such that the assumed number of convolutions or turns is the same, vis, one thousand, then the potential difference between any to adjacent points in A and B will be fifty volts, and as the capacity effect is proportionate to the square of this difference, the energy stored in the coil as a whole will now be two hundred and fifty thousand as great. Following out this principle, I may wind any given coil either in whole or in part, not only in the specific manner herein illustrated, but in a great variety of ways, well known in the art, so as to secure between adjacent convolutions such potential difference as will give the proper capacity to neutralize the self-induction for any given current that may be employed. Capacity secured in this particular way possesses an additional advantage in that it is evenly distributed, a consideration of the greatest importance in many cases, and the results, both as to efficiency and economy, are the more readily and easily obtained as the size of the coils, the potential difference or frequency of the currents are increased.
Coils composed of independent strands or conductors wound side by side and connected in series are not In themselves new, and I do not regard a more detailed description of the same necessary. But heretofore, so far as I am aware, the objects in view have been essentially different from mine, and the results which I obtain even if an incident to such forms of winding have not been appreciated or taken advantage of.
In carrying out my invention it is to be observed that certain facts are well understood by those skilled in the art, viz: the relations of capacity, self-induction, and the frequency and potential difference of the current. What capacity, therefore, in any given case it is desirable to obtain and what special winding will secure it, are readily determinable from the other factors which are known.
What I claim as my invention is—
1. A coil for electric apparatus the adjacent convolutions of which form parts of the circuit between which there exists a potential difference sufficient to secure in the coil a capacity capable of neutralizing its self-induction, as hereinbefore described.
2. A coil composed of contiguous or adjacent insulated conductors electrically connected in series and having a potential difference of such value as to give to the coil as a whole, a capacity sufficient to neutralize its self-induction, as set forth.
NIKOLA TESLA.
Witnesses:
ROBT. F. GAYLORD,
PARKER W. PAGE.
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发表于 2012-3-11 23:17
楼主
这是我的本意。如果验证可行的话希望大家不要贪图私利。那些为这种技术奋斗一生的人们从没有吝啬过他们的研究和知识！