女神生日不知道送什么礼物,不如手工打造一颗arduino心愿球
本帖最后由 arduinoxyz 于 2019-3-29 11:56 编辑心愿球
由黄铜棒制成,采用自由球形态连接 18 颗发光 LED。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173055mx8ctxhe4e2y44d9.jpg
硬件材料
1*黄铜棒
18*贴片 LED
1*ATmega8L 芯片
1*CR2032 纽扣电池
1*开关
天体
主要挑战是用黄铜棒弯成圆形,看起来像一个天体。我用 6 根铜棒竖直排列(经度)和 3 根铜棒
水平排列(纬度)构建一个球。这样子就总共有 18 个交叉点用于焊接 LED。在球体的底部有一个
环形开口,为的是最终可以更好的放入芯片、电池等元器件。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173055rb7bj7ssydm8j0zh.jpg
首先,把铜棒弯成圆形。我最开始找到一个直径为 50 毫米的铁罐,可以在弯曲时用底盖固定铜
棒。弯曲铜棒后,把其剪断并把两端焊接在一起,形成一个漂亮的环。在一张纸上画出相同的形
状,可以帮助你匹配最完美的圆形。为了制作更小的圆环,我使用了其他直径的瓶。使用与你的
直径相匹配的东西,身边上到处都是圆形的东西!
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173056xe424l544md7uueu.jpg
接下来,我把 LED 焊接到三个 50mm 环上。我在一张纸上画了一个模板。我采用是黄色和红色
LED。黄色和红色,因为它比蓝色或白色更节能。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173056s9e2ws4epwk44949.jpg
接着,我把带有 LED 的环焊接到基环上。我用一块胶带把基环固定在桌子上,修剪了垂直环的底
部并把它们焊接到环上,形成了一个皇冠。第一个环焊接成一体,第二个和第三个环切成两半,
形成球体的平顶。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173056e7bsccsdd7swqnwq.jpg
最后一步是最让人沮丧和耗时的。把 LED 与弯曲杆相互连接以形成水平环。我把剩下的环一个一
个地切开,以适应垂直环之间的空间并求佛一样地焊接。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173057ghboaaloyqqwq9ff.jpg
我想到一种放置 LED 的简单方法。 两个 LED 在邻近的垂直环(地面)上彼此面对,它们与一根弯
曲的杆连接,该杆是水平环(电源线)的一部分。最终得到 18 个 LED,分为 9 个部分。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173057y2dbzt1x9t22evvb.jpg
温馨提醒:经常测试 LED 是否仍是好的,否则你需要在最后重做这件事,这是一种可怕的又振奋
人心的测试。
如果你只是希望它发光并且不关心任何动画。你可以立即停止阅读,把 CR2032 纽扣电池和开关放
入内部。通过 68Ω 限流电阻把 LED 与电池连接,就可以使其发光!把电池焊接到黄铜线时,请确
保不要过热,否则可能会导致电池过热。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173057t5hc355yyvyy9t9q.jpg
如果你像我一样,爱 Arduino 并希望让它变得聪明并且有一点乐趣,让我们把微控制器放入其
中!我使用的是 ATmega8L 芯片——与 Arduino NANO 相同的封装,但内存更少,功耗更低。L 意
味着它具有 2.7 - 5V 的宽工作电压范围,这在使用 3V 纽扣电池时非常棒。另一方面,由于它是
TQF32 封装,因此焊接到铜棒上是一个不小的挑战,但外观和效果都很好。
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173058zlfzldkgr3vfdv3g.jpg
原理图
https://image.geek-workshop.com/forum/201903/29/173059it20yptywdwdkboy.png
源代码
#define LEDS 9
byte leds[] = {
5, 19, 17, // bottom
6, 1, 15, // middle
8, 21, 13 // top
};
#define ON true
#define OFF false
// variables for pattern timing
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
unsigned long millisInterval = 3
00;
// variables for software PWM
unsigned long currentMicros = micros();
unsigned long previousMicros = 0;
// this is the frequency of the sw PWM
// frequency = 1/(2 * microInterval)
unsigned long microInterval = 250;
const byte pwmMax = 100;
// fading (for the timing)
int fadeIncrement = 1;
// typedef for properties of each sw pwm pin
typedef struct pwmPins {
int pin;
int pwmValue;
bool pinState;
int pwmTickCount;
} pwmPin;
// create the sw pwm pins
// these can be any I/O pin
// that can be set to output!
const int pinCount = 9;
const byte pins = {
5, 19, 17, // bottom
6, 1, 15, // middle
8, 21, 13 // top
};
pwmPin myPWMpins;
// function to "setup" the sw pwm pin states
// modify to suit your needs
// this creates an alternating fade pattern
void setupPWMpins() {
for (int index=0; index < pinCount; index++) {
myPWMpins.pin = pins;
// mix it up a little bit
// changes the starting pwmValue for odd and even
if (index % 2)
myPWMpins.pwmValue = 25;
else
myPWMpins.pwmValue = 75;
myPWMpins.pinState = ON;
myPWMpins.pwmTickCount = 0;
// unlike analogWrite(), this is necessary
pinMode(pins, OUTPUT);
}
}
void pwmFadePattern() {
// go through each sw pwm pin, and increase
// the pwm value. this would be like
// calling analogWrite() on each hw pwm pin
for (int index=0; index < pinCount; index++) {
myPWMpins.pwmValue += fadeIncrement;
if (myPWMpins.pwmValue > 100)
myPWMpins.pwmValue = 0;
}
}
void handlePWM() {
currentMicros = micros();
// check to see if we need to increment our PWM counters yet
if (currentMicros - previousMicros >= microInterval) {
// Increment each pin's counter
for (int index=0; index < pinCount; index++) {
// each pin has its own tickCounter
myPWMpins.pwmTickCount++;
// determine if we're counting on or off time
if (myPWMpins.pinState == ON) {
// see if we hit the desired on percentage
// not as precise as 255 or 1024, but easier to do math
if (myPWMpins.pwmTickCount >= myPWMpins.pwmValue) {
myPWMpins.pinState = OFF;
}
} else {
// if it isn't on, it is off
if (myPWMpins.pwmTickCount >= pwmMax) {
myPWMpins.pinState = ON;
myPWMpins.pwmTickCount = 0;
}
}
// could probably use some bitwise optimization here, digitalWrite()
// really slows things down after 10 pins.
digitalWrite(myPWMpins.pin, myPWMpins.pinState);
}
// reset the micros() tick counter.
digitalWrite(13, !digitalRead(13));
previousMicros = currentMicros;
}
}
void setup() {
setupPWMpins();
//pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
// this is the magic for sw pwm
// need to call this anytime you
// have a long operation
handlePWM();
// check timer for fading pattern
// this would be the same
// if we used analogWrite()
currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= millisInterval) {
// moved to own funciton for clarity
pwmFadePattern();
// setup clock for next tick
previousMillis = currentMillis;
}
}
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