首批受特朗普关税影响的中国货物抵达美国港口
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报告来源：CNBC翻译：XCLshippingAUTHOR INTRODUCTION
Lori Ann LaRocco洛瑞·安·拉罗科
屡获殊荣的作家、《嘉宾》高级编辑和 CNBC 全球物流记者。FreightWaves 贸易专栏作家
KEY POINTS要点
首批被唐纳德・特朗普总统加征 145% 以上关税的中国商品，已开始抵达美国最繁忙的港口 —— 洛杉矶港和长滩港。
The first Chinese goods subject to President Donald Trump’s 145%-plus tariffs have begun arriving at the busiest ports in the U.S. in Los Angeles and Long Beach.
总共有 12,000 个集装箱是第一批从中国出发运往亚马逊、家得宝、宜家、拉尔夫·劳伦、tractor supply、宝洁、LG 和三星等公司的货运船只上的货物。
12,000 shipping containers in all are on the first flotilla of freight vessels from China with goods for Amazon, Home Depot, Ikea, Ralph Lauren, Tractor Supply, Procter & Gamble, LG, and Samsung, among others.
特朗普周五（5月9日）表示，他可能愿意将对中国的产品关税降低至 80%。
Trump said on Friday he might be willing to lower tariffs on China to 80%.
集装箱船停泊在加利福尼亚州圣佩德罗的洛杉矶港港区内，时间为 2025 年 5 月 6 日。
Container ships sit docked at the Port of Los Angeles on May 06, 2025 in San Pedro, California.
首批被唐纳德・特朗普总统加征 145% 以上关税的中国商品，已开始抵达美国最繁忙的港口 —— 洛杉矶港和长滩港。
The first shipping containers carrying Chinese products that are subject to President Donald Trump’s 145% tariffs have begun arriving in U.S. ports.
七艘载有超过 12,000 个集装箱的船只在这些关税生效后从中国出发，已抵达加利福尼亚的洛杉矶港和长滩港。还有五艘这样的船只将在未来几天抵达那里。
Seven ships carrying upward of 12,000 containers that sailed from China after those tariffs took effect have arrived at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, in California. Five more such ships are scheduled to arrive there in coming days.
亚马逊、家得宝、宜家、拉夫·劳伦和Tractor Supply等企业的集装箱中都有中国商品，涵盖了各种各样的消费品。
Amazon, Home Depot, Ikea, Ralph Lauren and Tractor Supply are among the companies with Chinese goods in these containers, spanning a wide range of consumer items.
除了家居用品、服装和家具，亚马逊还为卖家代理进口了各种产品，包括冰箱、炸锅、鼠标垫、书架和客厅沙发。
In addition to housewares,apparel,and furniture,Amazon imported a wide variety of products on behalf of sellers, including refrigerators, deep fryers, mousepads, bookshelves and living room sofas.
Tractor Supply 的货物包括便携式圆筒风扇、园艺工具和男士工作靴。
Tractor Supply shipments include portable drum fans, garden tools, and men’s work boots.
家得宝的灯具和吊扇已经通过了海关检查。
Lamps and ceiling fans have been processed through customs for Home Depot.
Tractor Supply的一位发言人让美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）参考其4月24日最近的财报电话会议，当时该公司指出关税导致了“显著的不确定性”。这位发言人表示：“Tractor Supply公司正在积极与供应商和供应链合作伙伴合作，以应对最近宣布的关税影响，同时也在监测影响其客户的更广泛宏观经济因素。”
A Tractor Supply spokesperson referred CNBC to its recent earnings call on April 24 when the company pointed to “notable uncertainty” as a result of the tariffs. “Tractor Supply is actively working with its vendor and supply chain partners to navigate the impact of recently announced tariffs, while also monitoring the broader macroeconomic factors impacting its customers,” the spokesperson said.
宜家家具；速比涛游泳护目镜和泳帽；宝洁纸巾架；三星印刷电路板、微波炉和冰箱部件；拉尔夫·劳伦毛衣、羊绒和西装外套；Dr. Martens Airwair 鞋类；三星微波炉和冰箱部件；LG 洗衣机、空调、炉灶、冰箱和洗碗机；鲍尔体育用品；联想电脑部件；法雷奥北美公司的汽车零部件；以及北极星的耳机和电脑键盘，都是来自中国的集装箱货物。
Ikea furniture; Speedo swim goggles and swim caps; Procter & Gamble tissue holders;Samsung printed circuit boards,microwaves and refrigerator parts; Ralph Lauren sweaters, cashmere, and blazers; Dr. Martens Airwair footwear; Samsung microwaves and refrigerator parts; LG washing machines, air conditioners, ranges, refrigerators and dishwashers; Bauer Hockey sporting goods; Lenovo computer parts; auto parts for Valeo North America; and headsets and computer keyboards for Polaris, were all among the Chinese container goods.
对于许多公司来说，尽管存在对消费者需求和经济放缓的担忧，但仍然会补货被认定为必需的商品类别中的产品。
For many of the companies, products in categories deemed as essential to replenish are brought in despite concerns about consumer demand and an economic slowdown.
亚马逊在一封电子邮件声明中表示，它正在与“我们商店中广泛多样的重要销售合作伙伴合作，支持他们适应不断变化的环境，同时为客户保持丰富的选择和低廉的价格”。
Amazon said in a statement sent by email that it is working with its “broad, varied range of valued selling partners in our store to support them in adapting to the evolving environment while maintaining broad selection and low prices for customers.”
家得宝在公布季度业绩前处于静默期，并让美国消费者新闻与商业频道（CNBC）参考一份现有声明，该声明提到“形势多变”。
Home Depot is in a quiet period ahead of announcing its quarterly results, and referred CNBC to an existing statement citing “a fluid environment.”
家得宝一位发言人表示：“我们与供应商正在密切关注事态发展，并将紧密合作进行应对，目标是为我们的客户争取最大价值。”
“We together with our vendors, are monitoring developments and will work closely to manage with the goal of being our customers’ advocate for value,” a Home Depot spokesperson said.
中国货运集装箱流量下降
Chinese freight container traffic decline
特朗普在周五（当地时间5月9日）的贸易会谈前表示，他愿意将对中国的关税降低到 80%，这是一个许多企业仍然认为非常高的税率。
Trump suggested on Friday, ahead of key trade talks, that he was willing to lower tariffs on China to 80%, a rate many businesses would likely still consider to be extremely high.
特朗普在“真相社交”发文称：“对中国征收80%的关税似乎是正确的！就看斯科特·B了。”他指的是美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特本周末计划在瑞士与中国官员举行的会晤。
“80% Tariff on China seems right! Up to Scott B,” Trump said in a Truth Social post, referring to a planned meeting between Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and counterparts from China in Switzerland this weekend.
世可物流（SEKO Logistics）全球首席商务官布莱恩·伯克（Brian Bourke）告诉CNBC，他的客户仍难以理解各种关税条款是如何叠加的，在某些情况下，这些条款又是如何相互抵消的。
Brian Bourke, global chief commercial officer at SEKO Logistics, told CNBC that his clients continue to struggle in understanding how all of the various tariff provisions are stacked, or in some cases cancel each other out.
“这种混乱导致他们不断调整和更新他们的场景规划，冻结了他们本应做出的任何其他商业决策。”伯克说。“许多我们的客户在关税金额宣布之前就定价并出售了他们的产品或项目，而随着新关税条款的快速、严重且数量众多地宣布，他们无法更改已经售出并将在 5 月、6 月或更晚到达的货物的价格。”
“This confusion has led them to continually alter and update their scenario planning, freezing any other decisions for the business they would be making,” said Bourke. “Many of our clients priced and sold their products or projects prior to the tariff amounts being announced, and with the speed and severity as well as the quantity of new tariff provisions being announced, they are not able to change the pricing on items that have already sold and are arriving in May and June, or beyond.”
自 4 月初宣布加征关税以来，从中国运往美国的货轮和集装箱数量急剧减少。The number of freight vessels and shipping containers headed to the U.S. from China has plummeted since the tariffs announcement in early April.2024 年美国主要港口Top U.S. ports in 2024总 TEU 量及中国港口贸易份额Total TEUs and China's share of port trade
备注：包含香港贸易Note: Includes Hong Kong trade来源：公开报告，S&P 全球市场情报Source: Public reports, S&P Global Market Intelligence
根据 Sea-Intelligence 的数据，在亚洲-北美西海岸和亚洲-北美东海岸贸易航线上，4 月和 5 月共有 90 个空班次，海洋联盟（一个包括中国拥有的 COSCO 和 OOCL、台湾的 Evergreen 以及法国拥有的 CMA 的货运联盟）占其中 48 个取消班次。
Across the Asia-North America West Coast and Asia-North America East Coast trade routes, there was a total of 90 blank sailings across April and May, according to Sea-Intelligence. The Ocean Alliance (a freight consortium including Chinese-owned and operated COSCO and OOCL, Taiwan-based Evergreen, and French-owned CMA) accounted for 48 of those canceled sailings.
根据物流供应商和海运公司的数据，预订量下降了 30%至 50%。
Bookings are down anywhere from 30% to 50%, according to logistics providers and ocean carriers.
根据美国零售联合会和哈克特协会于周五发布的《全球港口追踪》报告，由于关税的影响，美国主要集装箱港口的进口货物量预计将自 2023 年以来首次出现同比下降。
According to the Global Port Tracker report released on Friday by the National Retail Federation and Hackett Associates, import cargo at the nation’s major container ports is expected to see its first year-over-year decline since 2023 as a result of the tariffs.
除了由于托运人暂停的制造订单而减少的船只航行和较少的集装箱可供装载外，海运公司还在使用较小的船只进行贸易。全球最大的海运公司马士基，以及由马士基和赫伯罗特组成的双子座联盟，都在亚洲-北美西海岸航线之间使用较小的船只进行货运。
In addition to decreased vessel sailings as a result of paused manufacturing orders from shippers and fewer containers to fill, ocean carriers are using smaller vessels to move trade. MSC, the largest ocean carrier in the world, along with the Gemini Alliance (comprised of Maersk and Hapag Lloyd), are among the freight companies using smaller vessels between the Asia-North America West Coast routes.
根据分析取消航行和船只变化对集装箱容量影响的 Sea-Intelligence 数据，马士基的集装箱容量同比减少了 28%，而海洋联盟的集装箱容量同比减少了 26%。
MSC has reduced its container capacity by 28% year-over-year, according to Sea-Intelligence data analyzing the impact of canceled sailings and vessel changes, while Ocean Alliance container capacity is down by 26% year-over-year.
布尔克表示，一旦承运商认为他们已经带来了他们认为必需的库存，他们的供应链就处于不同程度的“观望”模式，并继续取消中国的订单，这导致了广泛的产品短缺担忧和空货架的可能性。“当已经建立的安全库存消失时会发生什么？”布尔克说。
Bourke said once shippers have finished bringing in what they consider essential stocks, they are in various degrees of “wait-and-see” mode with their supply chains, and continuing to cancel orders from China, which has led to widespread fears about product shortages and the potential for empty shelves. “What happens when safety stocks that had been built up disappear?” Bourke said.点击“阅读原文”即可查看报告原文。
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