外刊精读D24 | 美中就大幅削减关税达成重大突破,全球贸易局势明显缓和
作者：微信文章❤️
US and China agree to drastically roll back
tariffs in major trade breakthrough
美中就大幅削减关税达成重大突破，
全球贸易局势明显缓和
📖
By Nectar Gan, Auzinea Bacon and Juliana Liu, CNN
4 minute read
Updated 5:06 AM EDT, Mon May 12, 2025
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英文原文导读
The United States and China agreed Monday to drastically roll back tariffs on each other’s goods for an initial 90-day period, in a surprise breakthrough that has de-escalated a punishing trade war and buoyed global markets. The announcement, which was made in a joint statement, comes after a weekend of marathon trade negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland by officials from the world’s two largest economies, during which both sides touted “substantial progress.”
Both sides recognize “the importance of a sustainable, long-term, and mutually beneficial economic and trade relationship,” they said in the statement. Global investors are cheering a thaw in the trade war sparked by US President Donald Trump’s massive tariffs, which have roiled financial markets, disrupted supply chains and stoked recession fears.
Dow futures jumped more than 2%, while S&P 500 futures rose nearly 3%, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite futures went up more than 3.5% during Asian afternoon trading. Asian markets were higher too, with Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index gaining more than 3%. The mutual tariff revisions will be imposed by May 14. US President Donald Trump’s 20% fentanylrelated levies on China, imposed in February and March, will stay. However, each side has agreed to lower “reciprocal” tariffs on the other by 115 percentage points for 90 days.
That effectively means the US will temporarily lower its overall tariffs on Chinese goods from 145% to 30%, while China will cut its levies on American imports from 125% to 10%, according to the joint statement. The trade war has already affected the US and Chinese economies. America’s gross domestic product, the broadest measure of the US economy, showed its first quarterly contraction since early 2022, as importers raced to bring in goods before punishing tariff rates kicked in. As for China, its exports to the US fell sharply last month, impacting the country’s enormous manufacturing industry. Chinese factory activity contracted at its fastest pace in 16 months in April, adding urgency to Beijing’s efforts to roll out fresh economic stimulus.
Dan Ives, a managing director at Wedbush Securities in New York, said the agreement to suspend most tariffs on each other’s goods was a “best case scenario” from the weekend talks. “This is clearly just the start of a broader and more comprehensive negotiations, and we would expect both these tariff numbers to move down markedly over the coming months as deal talks progress,” he wrote in a research note.
Continuing discussions
The two sides also agreed to establish “a mechanism to continue discussions about economic and trade relations,” led by Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng and US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer, according to the joint statement.“These discussions may be conducted alternately in China and the United States, or a third country upon agreement of the Parties. As required, the two sides may conduct working-level consultations on relevant economic and trade issues,” it added.
Speaking at a Monday press conference in Geneva, Bessent said: “The consensus from both delegations is neither side wants to be decoupled, and what have occurred with these very high tariffs … was an equivalent of an embargo, and neither side wants that. We do want trade. We want more balance in trade. And I think both sides are committed to achieving that.” A spokesperson for China’s Commerce Ministry called the joint statement “an important step by both sides to resolve differences through equalfooting dialogue and consultation, laying the groundwork and creating conditions for further bridging gaps and deepening cooperation.”
Beijing’s upbeat and positive tone stands in stark contrast to its previous statements about the trade conflict with the US. For weeks, Chinese officials had struck a defiant tone, demanding the US remove all tariffs on China before agreeing to come to the negotiation table. The substantial, if temporary, breakthrough was unexpected. Just last week, Bessent sought to manage expectations by suggesting that his goal for the talks was “deescalation” of tension and not “a big trade deal,” as the US and China had been at a virtual stalemate since Trump imposed his tariff policy.
段落解析
中文内容仅供理解使用，非逐字对应翻译。
第一段
原文：
The United States and China agreed Monday to drastically roll back tariffs on each other’s goods for an initial 90-day period, in a surprise breakthrough that has de-escalated a punishing trade war and buoyed global markets. The announcement, which was made in a joint statement, comes after a weekend of marathon trade negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland by officials from the world’s two largest economies, during which both sides touted “substantial progress.”
内容概述：
本周一，美国与中国达成协议，同意在初步的90天内大幅削减彼此商品的关税。这一出人意料的重大突破显著缓和了激烈的贸易战，并提振了全球市场信心。这一消息通过双方联合声明对外发布。此前，两国官员在瑞士日内瓦展开了一场马拉松式谈判，并称已取得“实质性进展”。
句式语法结构分析:
●“The United States and China agreed Monday to drastically roll back tariffs on each other’s goods for an initial90-day period, in a surprise breakthrough that has de-escalated a punishing trade war and buoyed global markets.”
• The United States and China：并列主语，指美中两国。
• agreed Monday：谓语；Monday 作时间副词置于动词后，表“于周一达成一致”。
• to drastically roll back tariffs on each other’s goods：不定式短语作宾语补足语，说明协议内容；drastically 副词，强调“幅度巨大”，roll back 表“削减、回撤”。
• for an initial90-day period：介词短语作方式/时间状语，表示“初步为期90 天”。
• in a surprise breakthrough：介词短语作状语，说明此举性质——“一次出乎意料的突破”。
• that has de-escalated a punishing trade war and buoyed global markets：限制性定语从句修饰 breakthrough；
• has de-escalated a punishing trade war：现在完成时，意为“已缓和一场严酷的贸易战”；
• and buoyed global markets：并列动词，表“并提振全球市场”。
●“The announcement, which was made in a joint statement, comes after a weekend of marathon trade negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland by officials from the world’s two largest economies, during which both sides touted ‘substantial progress.’”
• The announcement：主语，指前述削减关税的声明。
• which was made in a joint statement：非限制定语从句，补充说明该公告以联合声明形式发布。
• comes：谓语动词，新闻体用一般现在时，表示“发布于”。
• after a weekend of marathon trade negotiations in Geneva, Switzerland：介词短语作时间状语，说明背景——“在瑞士日内瓦进行的周末马拉松式贸易谈判之后”。
• by officials from the world’s two largest economies：介词短语作后置定语，强调谈判主体。
• during which both sides touted ‘substantial progress.’：during which 引导的非限制定语从句，修饰前面的 negotiations；
• both sides touted ‘substantial progress’：谓语 touted，意为“（双方）宣称取得‘实质性进展’”。
语言与术语解析:
1. rollback tariffs：动词短语，表示“大幅削减关税”。
●例句：The government decided to rollback tariffs on essential medical supplies.
●中文例句：政府决定大幅削减医疗必需品的关税。
2. de-escalate：动词，“缓和；降级（紧张局势）”。
●例句：Both armies pulled back troops to de-escalate the border conflict.
●中文例句：双方部队撤军以缓和边境冲突。
3. buoy (markets/sentiment)：动词，“提振；鼓舞”。
●例句：Strong earnings buoyed investor confidence.
●中文例句：强劲的盈利提振了投资者信心。
4. punishing trade war：形容词 + 名词，指“严厉的贸易战”，强调冲击严重。
●例句：Exporters struggled to stay afloat during the punishing trade war.
●中文例句：在严酷的贸易战中，出口商举步维艰。
5. joint statement：名词短语，“联合声明”。
●例句：The leaders issued a joint statement on climate cooperation.
●中文例句：两国领导人就气候合作发表联合声明。
6. marathon negotiations：名词短语，“马拉松式谈判”，形容谈判时间长且耗神。
●例句：After marathon negotiations, the parties finally reached consensus.
●中文例句：经过马拉松式谈判，双方终于达成共识。
7. tout：动词，“吹捧；积极宣称”。
●例句：Officials touted the deal as a win-win solution.
●中文例句：官员们把这项协议大力宣称为双赢方案。
8. substantial progress：名词短语，“实质性进展”。
●例句：Talks reported substantial progress on market-access issues.
●中文例句：会谈在市场准入问题上取得了实质性进展。
9. initial 90-day period：名词短语，“初步 90 天期限”，强调政策为临时性质。
●例句：The tax holiday will apply for an initial 90-day period.
●中文例句：该减税期将先实行 90 天。
第二段
原文：
Both sides recognize “the importance of a sustainable, long-term, and mutually beneficial economic and trade relationship,” they said in the statement. Global investors are cheering a thaw in the trade war sparked by US President Donald Trump’s massive tariffs, which have roiled financial markets, disrupted supply chains and stoked recession fears.
句式语法结构分析:
●“Both sides recognize ‘the importance of a sustainable, long-term, and mutually beneficial economic and trade relationship,’they said in the statement.”
• Both sides：主语，指中美双方；
• recognize：谓语动词，意“承认 / 意识到”；
• ‘the importance of a sustainable, long-term, and mutually beneficial economic and trade relationship’：宾语，为引号中的名词短语；其中sustainable, long-term, and mutually beneficial：三个并列形容词，依次强调“可持续”“长期”和“互利”；
• economic and trade relationship：中心名词，意为“经贸关系”；
• they said in the statement：独立主语 + 谓语（插入语），说明信息来源，“他们在声明中表示”。
●“Global investors are cheering a thaw in the trade war sparked byUSPresident DonaldTrump’s massive tariffs, which have roiled financial markets, disrupted supply chains and stoked recession fears.”
• Global investors：主语，“全球投资者”；
• are cheering：现在进行时作谓语，表“正在欢呼”；
• a thaw in the trade war：宾语短语，thaw 作名词意“缓和、解冻”；
• sparked by USPresident DonaldTrump’s massive tariffs：过去分词短语作后置定语，说明贸易战的起因，“由特朗普的大规模关税引发”；
• which have roiled financial markets, disrupted supply chains and stoked recession fears：非限制定语从句，which 指 tariffs；并列三个谓语；
• roiled financial markets：搅动金融市场；
• disrupted supply chains：扰乱供应链；
• stoked recession fears：激起经济衰退担忧。
语言与术语解析:
1. sustainable：形容词，可持续的。
●例句：Governments seek sustainable growth strategies.
●中文例句：各国政府寻求可持续的增长策略。
2. mutually beneficial：形容词短语，互利的。
●例句：They reached a mutually beneficial agreement.
●中文例句：他们达成了一个互利的协议。
3. thaw（名词）： 缓和，解冻（多指外交或紧张关系）。
●例句：The treaty led to a thaw in bilateral tensions.
●中文例句：该条约促成了双边关系的缓和。
4. massive tariffs：名词短语，大规模关税，高额关税。
●例句：Massive tariffs can distort global trade flows.
●中文例句：高额关税可能扭曲全球贸易流向。
5. roil：动词，使动荡；搅乱。
●例句：Currency markets were roiled by political uncertainty.
●中文例句：政治不确定性搅乱了外汇市场。
6. disrupt：动词，扰乱；打乱。
●例句：A cyberattack disrupted logistics operations.
●中文例句：一次网络攻击扰乱了物流运作。
7. stoke：动词，激起；煽动。
●例句：Rising costs stoked fears of inflation.
●中文例句：成本上升激起了通胀担忧。
8. recession fears：名词短语，经济衰退的担忧。
●例句：Weak consumer data intensified recession fears.
●中文例句：疲软的消费数据加剧了对经济衰退的担忧。
9. cheer（动词）： 欢呼；对……表示欢迎或支持。
●例句：Investors cheered the central bank’s dovish stance.
●中文例句：投资者对央行温和立场表示欢迎。
10. on each other’s goods（介词短语）： 指“对彼此商品（加征关税）”。
●例句：The countries imposed duties on each other’s goods.
●中文例句：两国对彼此的商品加征了关税。
第三段
原文：
Dow futures jumped more than2%, while S&P500 futures rose nearly3%, and the tech-heavyNasdaq Composite futures went up more than3.5% during Asian afternoon trading. Asian markets were higher too, with HongKong’s HangSeng index gaining more than3%. The mutual tariff revisions will be imposed byMay14. USPresident DonaldTrump’s 20% fentanyl-related levies on China, imposed inFebruary and March, will stay. However, each side has agreed to lower “reciprocal” tariffs on the other by115percentage points for90days.
内容概述:
⻢斯克的名字赫然在列，令⼈瞠⽬结⾆。作为xAI和X的掌舵⼈，他⽬前还在特朗普政府下领导政府效率部门（DOGE）。尽管有⼈猜测这可能是系统故障，但多个⽤户反复提问后得到相似答案，证实Grok 3确实持续将⻢斯克视为重⼤威胁。
句式语法结构分析:
●The inclusion of Musk, who owns xAI and X, and is currently leading the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) under the Trump administration, shocked many.
●The inclusion of Musk: 名词短语，表⽰“⻢斯克名字的被纳⼊”
●The inclusion: 名词，表⽰“被纳⼊”
●who owns xAI and X: 定语从句，修饰“Musk”，表⽰“他拥有xAI和X”
●and is currently leading the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) under the Trump administration: 另⼀部分定语从句，表⽰“并且⽬前领导特朗普政府下的政府效率部门（DOGE）”
●the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE): 名词短语，表⽰“政府效率部门（DOGE）”
●shocked many: 谓语动词短语，表⽰“令许多⼈震惊”
●shocked: 动词，表⽰“震惊”
●many: 名词，表⽰“许多⼈”
●While some speculated it was a glitch, repeated queries from different users yielded similar results, confirming that Grok 3 was consistently identifying Musk as a major threat.
●While some speculated it was a glitch: 让步状语从句，表⽰“虽然有些⼈猜测这只是⼀个故障”
●speculated: 动词，表⽰“猜测”
●it was a glitch: 句⼦，表⽰“这只是⼀个故障”
●a glitch: 名词，表⽰“故障”
●repeated queries from different users yielded similar results: 主句，表⽰“来⾃不同⽤户的重复查询得出了相似的结果”
●repeated queries: 名词短语，表⽰“重复的查询”
●from different users: 介词短语，表⽰“来⾃不同⽤户的”
●yielded: 动词，表⽰“得出”
●similar results: 名词短语，表⽰“相似的结果”
●confirming that Grok 3 was consistently identifying Musk as a major threat:分词短语，修饰前⾯的句⼦，表⽰“确认了Grok 3⼀直把⻢斯克识别为⼀个重⼤威胁”
●confirming: 现在分词，表⽰“确认”
●that Grok 3 was consistently identifying Musk as a major threat: 宾语从句，表⽰“Grok 3⼀直把⻢斯克识别为⼀个重⼤威胁”
●Grok 3: 名词，表⽰“Grok 3”聊天机器⼈
●was consistently identifying: 动词短语，表⽰“⼀直在识别”
●Musk: 名词，表⽰“⻢斯克”
●as a major threat: 介词短语，表⽰“作为⼀个重⼤威胁”
语言与术语解析:
1. futures：名词，期货合约。
●例句：Oil futures surged on supply concerns.
●中文例句：受供应担忧影响，原油期货价格飙升。
2. tech-heavy：形容词，指以科技股为主的。
●例句：The tech-heavy index outperformed broader markets.
●中文例句：以科技股为主的指数表现优于大盘。
3. HangSeng index：名词，香港恒生指数，衡量香港股市表现的基准指数。
●例句：Policy shifts on the mainland often sway the HangSeng
index.
●中文例句：内地政策变化常常影响恒生指数。
4. tariff revision：名词短语，关税调整。
●例句：Tariff revisions can reshape global supply chains.
●中文例句：关税调整可能重塑全球供应链。
5. impose：动词，施加、实施（法律、关税等）。
●例句：The government imposed new environmental regulations.
●中文例句：政府实施了新的环保法规。
6. levy：名词/动词，征收的税费；征税。
●例句：A carbon levy was introduced to curb emissions.
●中文例句：为遏制排放引入了碳税。
7. reciprocal tariffs：名词短语，对等关税，基于互惠原则征收。
●例句：Negotiators agreed to cut reciprocal tariffs to boost trade.
●中文例句：谈判代表同意削减对等关税以促进贸易。
8. percentage point：名词，百分点，用于表示两个百分比之间的绝对差值。
●例句：Inflation dropped by 0.4 percentage points.
●中文例句：通胀率下降了 0.4 个百分点。
9.buoy：动词，提振、鼓舞。
●例句：Strong earnings buoyed investor confidence.
●中文例句：强劲的盈利提振了投资者信心。
第四段
原文：
That effectively means the US will temporarily lower its overall tariffs on Chinese goods from145% to30%, while China will cut its levies on American imports from125% to10%, according to the joint statement. The trade war has already affected the US and Chinese economies. America’s gross domestic product, the broadest measure of the US economy, showed its first quarterly contraction since early2022, as importers raced to bring in goods before punishing tariff rates kicked in. As for China, its exports to the US fell sharply last month, impacting the country’s enormous manufacturing industry. Chinese factory activity contracted at its fastest pace in16months in April, adding urgency to Beijing’s efforts to roll out fresh economic stimulus.
内容概述:
这意味着，美国对中国产品的平均关税将从145%暂时降至30%，而中国对美国产品的关税则从125%降至10%。这一调整已在联合声明中明确列出。贸易战已对中美两国经济产生影响。美国国内生产总值（GDP）出现自2022年初以来的首次季度下滑，部分原因是企业为避开高关税而提前进口商品。中国对美出口上月大幅下滑，拖累了其庞大的制造业。4月份，中国制造业活动萎缩速度创下16个月新高，使得北京加快出台新一轮经济刺激措施。
句式语法结构分析:
●“That effectively means the US will temporarily lower its overall tariffs on Chinese goods from145% to30%, while China will cut its levies on American imports from125% to10%, according to the joint statement.”
• That effectively means：That 作主语，指代前文突破；effectively 副词，强调“事实上”；means 为系动词，引出解释。
• the US will temporarily lower its overall tariffs on Chinese goods from145% to30%：第一分句，will temporarily lower 表“将暂时下调”；from…to… 给出幅度。
• while China will cut its levies on American imports from125% to10%：while 并列对比，引出中方举措；levies 与 tariffs 同义。
• according to the joint statement：介词短语作信息来源，意为“根据联合声明”。
●“The trade war has already affected the US and Chinese economies.”
• The trade war：主语，指美中贸易战；
• has already affected：现在完成时，表示“已经影响”；
• the US and Chinese economies：并列宾语。
●“America’s gross domestic product, the broadest measure of the US economy, showed its first quarterly contraction since early2022, as importers raced to bring in goods before punishing tariff rates kicked in.”
• America’s gross domestic product：主语；
• the broadest measure of the US economy：同位语，解释 GDP；
• showed its first quarterly contraction since early2022：谓语 + 宾语补
足，表“自2022年初以来首次季度收缩”；
• as importers raced to bring in goods：as 引原因 / 伴随状语从句，意为“因为进口商争先进口货物”；
• before punishing tariff rates kicked in：时间状语从句，kick in 表“开始生效”，punishing 形容关税“严厉”。
●“As for China, its exports to the US fell sharply last month, impacting the country’s enormous manufacturing industry.”
• As for China：转折短语，“至于中国”；
• its exports to the US fell sharply last month：主句，描述出口骤降；
• impacting the country’s enormous manufacturing industry：现在分词短语作结果状语，表示“对庞大制造业造成冲击”。
●“Chinese factory activity contracted at its fastest pace in16months in April, adding urgency to Beijing’s efforts to roll out fresh economic stimulus.”
• Chinese factory activity contracted：主句；
• at its fastest pace in16months in April：方式 + 时间状语，突出收缩速度与时点；
• adding urgency to Beijing’s efforts to roll out fresh economic stimulus：分词短语作结果状语，说明“因此令北京推出新刺激更显迫切”。
语言与术语解析:
1. levy：名词 / 动词，征收的税费；征税。
●例句：The city imposed a 5% levy on hotel rooms.
●中文例句：该市对酒店客房征收 5% 的税费。
2. contraction（经济语境）：名词，收缩、萎缩。
●例句：The eurozone recorded a slight contraction in Q1.
●中文例句：欧元区第一季度出现小幅收缩。
3. punishing（形容词）： 严厉的、沉重的（常形容政策或成本）。
●例句：Firms struggled under punishing energy prices.
●中文例句：企业在沉重的能源价格压力下举步维艰。
4. kick in：动词短语，开始生效，起作用。
●例句：The new regulations will kick in next quarter.
●中文例句：新规将于下季度开始生效。
5. roll out (stimulus)：动词短语，推出、实施（新措施）。
●例句：The government plans to roll out tax cuts to boost demand.
●中文例句：政府计划推出减税措施以提振需求。
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