德国将建世界最大太阳能电场
德国12家工业企业日前在慕尼黑签署了一项原则协议，正式启动在撒哈拉沙漠建造世界最大太阳能电场----德塞尔泰克工程。根据协议，今年10月底之前将成立德塞尔泰克规划公司，目的是要解决包括融资在内的一系列问题，并力争在3年内拿出一个成熟的可供操作和落实的具体方案。据报道，这是当今世界最大的太阳能发电工程。整个工程将耗资4000亿欧元，计划于2020年并网发电。届时将通过新型高压电网从撒哈拉沙漠向欧洲输送20千兆瓦电力，相当于目前20个传统火力发电厂的产能，约合欧洲15％的电力需求。
德国弗劳恩霍夫应用技术研究所韦贝尔教授认为，在沙漠地区利用太阳能发电可以满足全球的能源需求，而所需面积只比德国的巴伐利亚州大一点点。他说，与人类的能源需求相比，太阳提供的能量是无限的。目前世界需要的能源约为15亿万瓦特，太阳提供的能源是120000亿万瓦特。"我们只需要照耀在地球上很小一部分阳光的能量就足够了。"
韦贝尔教授认为，在撒哈拉沙漠利用太阳能发电并向欧洲传输在技术上已经不成问题。落实德塞尔泰克工程的关键是把非洲的电力传送到欧洲。以往的传输每千公里都将消耗电能的30％，如果是3000多公里的距离，到达欧洲后电能也就消耗完了。然新型高压电网每千公里的能源消耗只有3％。即使是1万公里，也仅消耗掉整个输电量的不足三分之一。目前，这种新高压传输技术已经研制成功并已投入使用。因此，德塞尔泰克工程项目是完全可以实现的。
尽管整个工程将耗资4000亿欧元，但从欧洲可以获得稳定的能源供应角度看，以及从整个能源行业的投资看，这依然是"一个小数目"。况且全部工程完工要到2050年，4000亿欧元将分为40年投入，每年投入实际仅为100亿欧元。此外，除了目前已签约的一些实力雄厚的大公司外，估计还将有400家企业加入进来。据透露，在原则协议上签字的财团有慕尼黑再保险公司、西门子公司、能源供应商RWE和意昂、太阳能技术供应商Schott Solar、德意志银行、HSH北方银行、瑞士的ABB等。欧盟和德国联邦政府的代表也在协议上签了字，将参与非洲撒哈拉太阳能工程项目的管理与实施。
来源：中财网 {:4_293:} 撒哈拉沙漠{:5_363:} 水斑斑 跑步啦 Experts hail Sahara-Europe solar plan
FRANKFURT (AFP) – Far-sighted plans to energise Europe by tapping solar power from the sweltering Sahara desert offer bright prospects but must not overshadow renewable sources closer to home, experts say.
German deputy environment minister Matthias Machnig said solar systems behind the 400-billion-euro (560-billion-dollar) project, launched in Germany on Monday, had "enormous potential."
The Desertec Industrial Initiative (DII) is powered by 12 mostly German companies from the engineering, energy and finance sectors but has also won support from firms in Algeria and Spain and from officials in Egypt and Jordan.
The project, scheduled for completion in 2050, would install solar power generators across North Africa and the Middle East and share the electricity between host countries and their private partners.
The technique, called solar thermal electrical generation (STEG), uses reflected sun rays to heat fluid-filled tubes, creating steam that drives a generator.
The plan also includes water desalinisation plants for host nations.
Greenpeace spokesman Andree Boehling said: "We support and welcome this initiative" and forecast that "around a quarter of the global electricity supply could come from solar electricity in deserts."
Matthias Fawer, who covers sustainable energy for the private Swiss bank Sarasin, told AFP the initiative was "a visionary concept" but noted it was not the only solution.
"I wouldn't bet on one horse," he said, adding that it was also important to develop wind energy parks in the North Sea and geo-thermal plants in places where that was appropriate.
"It's the combination that is viable and makes renewable energy so strong," Fawer said.
Greenpeace called the Desertec initiative "another building block" for the future but said it was "not an alternative to decentralised technologies like photo-voltaic or wind energy."
The environmental group calls for a combination of such energy sources with centralised ones including offshore wind turbines and hydro-electric power from Scandinavia.
German Social Democratic deputy Hermann Scheer also preferred decentralised European sources to a massive project in the hands of major corporations.
But Fawer backed the idea of helping North Africa, a major source of European immigrants.
"We need to support this continent," he stressed. "Europe and Africa should work much closer together."
Jordan's Prince Hassan ibn Talal agreed when the project was unveiled on Monday.
Partnerships formed through the work "will open a new chapter in relations between the people of the European Union, West Asia and North Africa," he was quoted by a statement as saying.
A study by Desertec, Greenpeace and the Wuppertal environmental research institute said the project could create two million jobs. Desertec spokesman Tim Hufermann said 80 percent of the electricity would power producer countries.
The remainder should satisfy 15 percent of Europe's needs, he added.
Critics say few jobs would be created in host countries however, and the business daily Handelsblatt warned Monday against fostering "eco-colonialism."
The massive project would cover 6,000 square kilometres (2,300 square miles), including 2,500 for power plants and 3,500 for the distribution grid.
"They are already building plants" in Egypt, Spain and Tunisia that could be integrated into the network, Hufermann noted.
Desertec has put the initial start-up cost at around 10 billion euros.
Beyond the massive cost, a potential obstacle is the possibility of regional instability, which the group hopes to avoid by increasing the number of host nations and encouraging their economic development.
Solar-generated electricity is also expensive, and some question whether local populations can afford it.
Greenpeace called for initially subsidised prices and said development of the technology would eventually make it cheaper than conventional sources. 偶来支持斑斑 {:4_276:} 发个英文版的 阿有德文版的啊 {:4_293:} 本帖最后由 Aberlin 于 2009-7-19 10:47 编辑
中国可以考虑在塔克拉玛干和德国合作，现在沙化速度已经超过治理速度了 那边有在治理吗 {:4_294:} 一直没有间歇， 不过效果很差， 反噬太快。