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我把报告里总结的三峡工程环境影响的利弊列一下：
The main positive impacts are
1) The Project can effectively control the floods in upper reaches, enhance the capability of controlling floods, and significantly reduce the damage caused by floods and water logging hazards to ecosystems and the environment in the middle and lower reaches, especially in the Jingjiang reach. In addition it will also decrease the sediment deposition in the Dongting Lake and prolong its lifespan.
2) The Project can increase the flow rate in the middle and lower reaches during dry seasons, which benefits the improvement in water quality and provides a water source for the future interbasin water transfer from the south to north project.
3) The Project makes use of the resources of hydraulic energy to generate power, which could greatly reduce the emission of the pollutants as compared with a coal-burning power generation.
The main negative impacts are:
1) The reservoir will inundate the farmland, so that the resettlement and the relocation of the towns and counties will intensify the contradiction between human and land in the reservoir area, which is presently already sharpened. It is possible that the destruction of the vegetation, soil erosion and degradation of ecosystem in the relative areas will be even worse.
2) Presently the annual discharge of industrial waster water and domestic sewage already exceeds 1 Gt, and serious near-shore pollution belts have been formed along some cities or town reaches. After impoundment the flow velocity will be reduced and the ability of reoxygenation and diffusion will also be decreased, which might further worsen the local water pollution.
3) The Project will alter the structure and functions of the aquatic ecological systems in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the habitat conditions for some rare or endangered species could be further worsened. In addition, some negative impacts might be brought to the reproduction of the common carps.
4) Once the reservoir is put into operation, the change in scouring and sediment deposition will possibly occur in the middle and lower reaches, which might affect the gleization and swamping process of the low-lying farmland in the plain and lake areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to a certain extent, and the hazard caused by the saltwater intrusion in the estuary might also be worsened.
5) After the dam is completed, the water surface in the reservoir will be raised and widened, so that some of the cultural relics and historic heritages will be submerged, and the natural landscape of the Three Gorges will also be affected.
6 ) The operation of the Project might cause sediment deposition in the Chongqing reach, worsen the water quality, and affect the existing facilities for water supply and drainage in the city.
7) The Project will also cause certain effects on local geological hazards and public health. |
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发表于 2005-7-17 16:23
楼主