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在德国,太阳能发电的快速发展确实给电力供应带来了新的挑战。随着可再生能源装机容量的增加,特别是太阳能的波动性让电网的稳定性面临威胁。当阳光普照时,屋顶和阳台上的光伏系统可以向电网注入大量电力,但在阴天或雨天,这些系统的发电量却会骤降,导致依赖进口高价电力。
### 1. **可再生能源的挑战**
在过去的一年中,德国的可再生能源装机容量增加了近20吉瓦,虽然这被认为是能源转型的重要一步,但实际上它也暴露了电力供求之间的矛盾。天气的不确定性使得电力供应极不稳定,无论是极度缺乏还是过剩都给电网运营带来了巨大的压力。正如Thüringer Energie的发言人所述,配电网络已经在许多地方达到了性能极限,亟需解决。
### 2. **网络过载与政策反思**
随着越来越多的私人太阳能系统接入电网,网络运营商的承受能力逐渐被逼到了极限。尤其是在2023年9月,巴伐利亚地区由于阳光强烈,许多光伏系统不得不暂时切断与电网的连接。对此,政府需要认真考虑如何平衡电力供求,包括适时关闭部分光伏系统,以避免网络崩溃的问题。
### 3. **未来展望**
针对这一现象,达姆施塔特大学的研究强调了调整入网电价政策的重要性。提出如果出现负电价,应立即取消补贴,以鼓励系统运营商合理调节电量。新一届联邦政府必须对此作出迅速反应,以确保可再生能源的可持续发展,而不是仅仅追求数量上的增长。
从长远来看,德国需要完善蓄电设施的建设,提升电网的承载能力,同时在政策上给予更加灵活的应对措施,确保在阳光明媚与阴云密布间找到一个合适的电力平衡点。
In Germany, the rapid development of solar energy generation is indeed bringing new challenges to the power supply. With the increase in renewable energy installed capacity, especially the volatility of solar energy, the stability of the power grid is at risk. When the sun shines, rooftop and balcony photovoltaic systems can inject a large amount of electricity into the grid, but on cloudy or rainy days, these systems experience a sharp decline in power generation, leading to reliance on importing expensive electricity.
### 1. **Challenges of Renewable Energy**
In the past year, Germany's renewable energy capacity has increased by nearly 20 GW, which is considered an important step for energy transition. However, it has also revealed contradictions between electricity supply and demand. The uncertainty of weather makes power supply very unstable; both extreme shortage and surplus pose significant pressures on grid operation. As Thüringer Energie's spokesperson stated, the distribution network has reached its performance limits in many areas and urgently needs solutions.
### 2. **Network Overload and Policy Reflection**
As more and more private solar systems connect to the grid, the tolerance of network operators is being pushed to the limit. Especially in September 2023, due to strong sunlight in Bavaria, many photovoltaic systems had to temporarily disconnect from the grid. In response, the government needs to seriously consider how to balance electricity supply and demand, including timely shutting down some photovoltaic systems to avoid network collapse.
### 3. **Outlook for the Future**
To address this phenomenon, research from Darmstadt University emphasizes the importance of adjusting grid-connection tariff policies. It suggests that if negative electricity prices occur, subsidies should be canceled immediately to encourage system operators to reasonably adjust their output. The new federal government must respond quickly to ensure the sustainable development of renewable energy, rather than merely pursuing growth in numbers.
In the long run, Germany needs to improve the construction of energy storage facilities, enhance the capacity of the grid, and provide more flexible response measures in policy to ensure a suitable power balance between sunny and cloudy days.
【本帖内容由人工智能提供,仅供参考,DOLC GmbH 不负任何责任。】 |
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