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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
5 L" k4 H5 y! ^$ g9 _ 八卦 trigram ( r0 b$ \1 r' x
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阴、阳 yin, yang
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7 Y& h: O$ {: G6 Y' `/ E' Q' v 道 Dao(cf. logo)
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+ w! ~0 k- Q `/ y+ U) o 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) ! k) S. L+ l0 v
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e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) ) ^ l+ O4 f* {% I4 `
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道 Daoism(Taoism)
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; \$ w- Y* |* W1 s8 u- p6 l0 c' m 上火 excessive internal heat
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儒学 Confucianism
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' K h9 U, _. ~- s$ A 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology + m) P% ^) L: A0 ]
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世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
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4 d* h/ q* A# ]- N; h- p5 p 开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
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8 v( o0 l8 v: g 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
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6 o/ M( _" a2 T 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded , h5 _( s2 \7 y$ F# i
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … p* P; p( H G( j
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
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乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 8 h. L7 c/ L2 K. A, v" K. L
k" g! D$ q/ j2 {# \3 |8 @
铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post % Y6 q% a/ K/ x' y6 L; S
( A- h) r) [' E5 l/ W 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
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治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline ; Z* f3 s5 b8 L
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3 j- J! P4 \& P0 L2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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国庆节 National Day 8 F9 u: e d! Q5 L
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中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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. ^5 U* {) c. y7 @1 I! \% `. y 春节 Spring Festival 4 t: P7 h$ Q: L b
$ C- i$ e# J/ M* e( {$ Y7 B2 s+ t 元宵节 Lantern Festival
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儿童节 Children’s Day
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 8 Q- t7 H1 p. a" k; f
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妇女节 Women’s Day
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泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
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教师节 Teachers’ Day 8 Q5 ?4 J3 P! Z
- I g/ g" T8 h* E 五四青年节 Youth Day
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3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
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馄饨 wonton
+ T0 y6 a: ]1 S+ |' g/ N% h# L( c
, ~- J1 `* _ {. b6 U/ W 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
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7 o8 e) C1 N) W8 \) ~ 花卷 steamed twisted rolls
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套餐 set meal : z$ X, V9 K& `. t) \
( G, U% J+ F5 z! _7 t 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
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米豆腐 rice tofu o. @: q t' |8 o5 K) E
$ K; e' |4 [. R) P0 r7 ] 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu : q' S* s f% j( O. V, d& R
- i4 \1 d" t/ ^/ }0 E* e 米粉 rice noodles
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: N0 D7 m' l0 {9 S 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
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- U/ [9 ~6 N' C' x1 G* O" Q 火锅 chafing dish
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% \! w2 U5 q, P+ N$ b$ P 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding * W* }9 @* V( h3 N" e( Y! A5 o
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粉丝 glass noodles
. c+ K6 }8 L, _4 z7 {; G' u& Z
) x# z6 v* Q# b+ G6 d/ V7 E) K 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd 7 I$ x, j8 z0 a8 @4 [
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& U+ C- ]" L" |, Q4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) 3 v& `% R9 Y# g* E6 w1 Q0 M
中国 电信 China Telecom
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' z) C5 X5 M6 r% e* B8 k 中国 移动 China Mobile 6 W# |4 y/ }9 b$ M, H+ Z
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十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
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中国电脑联网 Chinanet
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三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project : m( d6 u$ T3 g6 b; _
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希望工程 Project Hope
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京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway / H6 e0 D% p+ _( M/ e1 Q7 Q
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扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 9 I! _/ _3 N- D8 ?" E% n: A- Z
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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温饱工程 Decent-Life Project . t: o+ d: X$ T$ n4 }
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安居工程 Economy Housing Project
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' h' Y/ a$ {* f. J4 C' p" i 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
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+ O* j7 d4 } G, h/ P 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 7 B5 \& T6 I7 n; ~* X r
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禅宗 Zen Buddhism
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禅 dhyana; dhgaya
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/ _9 U; E2 F( [ @ 混沌 chaos
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道 Daosim, the way and its power 7 N1 R b: }, ~$ o# d( C* M
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四谛 Four Noble Truth 5 q/ ^9 ?3 _* e2 j% c
& F3 H2 J0 g: Z$ k 八正道 Eightfold Path c S/ z9 I$ r, P$ _
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无常 anity 4 t. T D1 S2 P" T
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五行说 Theory of Five Elements
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4 ~ H( R$ M. j% r8 d 无我 anatman # T; q' Z; j( N9 c
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坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
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. R- A1 U. [2 u: y4 u" Y 空 sunyata
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虚无 nothingness
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双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) 2 w. y5 |2 Y t$ j- r* S
5 |% Q+ y; `5 ]2 ^# w. J
小品 witty skits
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1 s: G. O9 p# C# ?* n: I9 h 相声 cross-talk
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. w$ }0 ~8 t5 h 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt 0 u$ c d# c$ j) \. P p
o& H7 d' C0 R' c' F' A1 z9 \6 S ?. K 夜猫子 night people; night-owls 5 o, e7 W& U; ?! r: V# r, B$ R* R
0 \% i8 Z2 C& F; R7 p# k: k5 {( l 本命年 this animal year of sb. : i; H! V& p1 O( [0 f, s
' o2 ]( J. G' @4 \% X9 q$ ^ 处世之道 philosophy of life 9 o( J/ T0 _) O; i. `- J
- b1 ~; h( q1 L& e3 z1 U 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
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还愿 redeem a wish (vows) ) k0 F- L( K4 m8 }
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6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 ! u! @0 ~+ P, l! Q# W8 L& N
2 n: @9 a( o/ O8 C
大陆中国 Mainland China ) X* o; ]* l$ g' R2 C. M/ D
0 g7 G3 g& ~* h x2 m* C0 q6 m7 o 红宝书 little red book ; k+ c% b l8 o9 b; h$ s$ _) d6 q
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红色中国 socialist China
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" y s4 u. l" V# ]8 W 四化 Four Modernizations
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终生职业 job-for-life
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1 j2 @2 l; h Z 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
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大锅饭 communal pot
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关系户 closely-related units
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外出打工人员 migrant workers - _% n) r9 \+ W; H* i
4 P$ b$ q* t( v B b- s# v 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild 2 E1 d( A7 }) n; D3 Q; Y
9 R2 H6 s9 j: {3 B' i+ n9 R 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals % v1 \% g8 p- O' Z1 E$ o
- O" h4 y9 Q& D 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
% R. v9 C) R4 X" Q2 \5 c 宣纸 rice paper
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G+ f& o+ F. x) k9 [; W 衙门 yamen
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5 Z# G4 d, g: b0 u; H4 s 叩头 kowtow
+ L1 p: p& J+ U0 w i0 p7 `2 a7 `$ x! |% e! T" Y
孔子Confucius
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) s, n7 g! Y! X# k! D4 x) \ 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo 9 x. I9 p. K7 W" |. H# Q! \6 x
8 l) K" [8 C6 e6 T 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
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/ E4 l8 L% e/ X/ s! I$ q- W 功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
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9 J; j: f2 b/ Z, S$ L0 L7 _: z2 G3 r 中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) ( g* O# ^ `' s* @7 j" L! z
1 X* s+ h$ ?# n$ H6 [, H
中和 harmony (zhonghe) % J( B g$ s8 j- C
8 ~4 g# y3 C Y/ H, p
孝顺 to show filial obedience
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1 O: _, d: R, m 孝子 dutiful son 9 L' W# w: t# k1 V. ~5 q
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家长 family head
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5 ?. x4 B3 g( W$ _: ]* w 三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife . P3 f1 Y( m; _+ _6 K( U. W- S
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五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity ; h! `. U. Z! h
8 L# I7 \3 ]! j4 P W; e8 g' n 八股文 eight-legged essays
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多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness ; n f4 z8 |+ C% `/ S
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养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
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8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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! Z1 }0 A& r1 s; w 基层监督 grass-roots supervision 4 \% U4 u% B* M H2 d. R
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基础税率 base tariff level 1 Z$ |- B4 d j
! |( y$ b/ G: f0 c# T( J9 c$ T 婚介所 matrimonial agency ' \7 Z2 L# _* b$ u& r& b
3 [% N: u) \+ T) H( W: v0 [% z( J
婚外恋 extramarital love
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% D* z5 v7 K6 L 婚纱摄影 bride photo
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黑心棉 shoddy cotton
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& X1 b" M$ X9 t6 {+ c: O4 l 机器阅卷 machine scoring : J8 |- V! k: N8 l8 D: h+ P
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即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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. Q* t* U8 h+ ]+ c 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development # y6 A' J7 Y: F+ M% N% u% _
7 |% T3 t# c2 i: l4 Q8 Z! }! w 价格听证会 public price hearings $ ^* z9 a# ~1 X* o0 c& P' a- g# O/ {
4 |2 C( r' u% S) }2 x
甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team e& z$ U2 N( }: \
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家政服务 household management service & k2 H. s' j3 \4 F* V
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加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
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2 Q3 I- e/ J+ g2 [' ^ 假帐 accounting fraud - P9 P- [3 v3 ~9 ~
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叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
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2 B& F7 @1 l% U* w9 r7 g; V 矫情 use lame arguments , w8 n- U/ s7 K! O+ F6 ~
# Z R4 E3 F/ g# Q0 K) n 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
0 Q7 Y0 k* m) x& R) m$ W% i4 E- {3 x/ x9 M' F
借调 temporarily transfer ! O- c6 f( i8 w& R- N
& W$ \( _$ N9 ~1 A 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. . y/ l" v$ ~6 D0 k# I+ ]% X8 P
% i A6 A- u8 X) F% o8 W! ]" T 扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption U$ W# b8 Q8 @6 _* {. I
% t& a# c. X$ O8 |$ m
9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) ) m, q6 M0 f" J3 _' L
主席团Presidium ; {; S7 [3 M9 Y* X
常务委员会Standing Committee
2 h7 z3 a2 s" {2 A- i$ ~中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China 2 U" e6 d) g- ~# S: {
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission 4 s# I2 p4 P5 O8 w3 \. U- B/ S0 y
国务院State Council 8 m) F& U5 V1 N$ R% K, L" @/ [
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry
5 B( F( j( ]+ i; q, M0 o# d文化部Ministry of Culture ) |8 W# K x7 X! i |6 `
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
, l" z0 {- k: k1 `# v外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
: \( I3 @; m1 \+ Q: `! ~国防部Ministry of National Defence
/ l/ }# c7 ^9 C, x教育部Ministry of Education
. }4 b ]( p- Y |6 ?, R公安部 Ministry of Public Security ' R) p. Q1 q e3 d# Y9 \7 I% M
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
% M6 D; V% Z2 C- M; N. R1 [# Q2 N. \中国人民银行People’s Bank of China ! K; r% l, t$ W0 m
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences ( b' m. c: l% k0 q+ J: w5 k
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences . V7 s+ R3 w0 D% L7 b) W
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
B, _+ u- N* g最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
! k/ g" D2 z, G4 j" x5 R$ L最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate
0 ~5 ^3 D( ^% H5 M- @5 D( M中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 0 D T# D/ y' S5 O( q7 i
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
$ x3 s/ T9 j+ b中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
7 d! i7 X) U0 c, q# f& j中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
. u+ C+ e# D3 V) J中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC ; |0 k% C( A+ ~! j" x% o
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC 6 B; o; k6 m8 \1 e0 T
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC % ?! q( ]7 s) ~0 B, X) V5 B
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
1 _ \$ J# T8 W$ e5 K% r6 i中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
. y1 L% Y; M; q7 z中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
7 D! Q# Y0 B' E( o3 ~, i' d' } D中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
, C0 W2 D P* T }& ?4 `% U专门委员会Special Committee
" V h _5 r/ t: l' M* C# R中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees ( ?" {' Z( V( }+ ^
中国政党Chinese Parties
# t, y3 L0 K* ~9 \中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 4 @* E- n* k& `4 F: k6 x3 b
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
( u) ] j( N" X中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
- s9 Q' M3 o! O/ P中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association 1 O$ Y8 n& _* M# G; ?1 _
中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy
7 w/ O f" s d6 S4 j4 ~ ~中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party - y; G( V- W# ^0 S8 T# `3 n
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
1 ~3 w* R5 A" F7 y) p, a九三学社Jiu San Society
' ^& u5 H6 D; P: g7 o4 D1 e( e中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 / O# ^; R. o9 G; p
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
' O( I5 `( R* g T2 g政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee ' W' I4 ^4 |7 f( x6 [8 \+ @! l
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
1 v1 F2 Z) D# _* s' h书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
( F% P4 @0 |6 |+ L( \. i8 |- O4 w; I中央委员 Member, Central Committee 0 Z( p3 c/ X ?6 D4 O
候补委员 Alternate Member
b, g" q* d; R! p" g' g…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
) y# u: `9 m; l0 z9 [中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
9 } G, ^: I( q全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
! I! r/ _& I# W& I秘书长 Secretary-General
0 X! F) Q5 v% Y4 f& o4 R: z主任委员 Chairman 5 h c) I) W$ A9 B$ p
委员 Member
& H+ N/ o0 Y+ {4 h(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress ' R N1 H O: [* h2 L2 J
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
! Z. @' r1 _# {6 y: w; v: q3 y& R国务院总理 Premier, State Council
' P3 e- u0 | \6 P& k国务委员 State Councilor
1 |0 X* D/ S8 b$ G秘书长 Secretary-General
- e4 c& p" H% R5 d4 U9 M(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for ! u( d% { @; ?3 ]6 Z- j1 n
(国务院各部)部长 Minister 2 E$ s) g4 M% z" V5 k& K
部长助理 Assistant Minister
& \5 u% e) g3 \1 ]$ F4 R司长 Director & v) x0 H/ H0 j7 q U) }
局长 Director
6 Q; B5 {+ P7 y' o- z省长 Governor ! N8 B2 q0 B- B1 C
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
' y9 m+ E0 Q) }7 g: d* Q* q# v自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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