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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
, T5 n( X+ h3 N$ z 八卦 trigram
0 a+ i! b5 ` o+ t1 l6 W. g6 W/ g5 D8 b% e
阴、阳 yin, yang
) e8 M l1 y, y& ]
4 T R* n Z$ @! } 道 Dao(cf. logo)
" P9 d. p' d2 c8 K- \- `
4 v2 \( ~9 E; s; i! @# O5 p! g6 G7 A% j 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) 7 R1 n0 @ w6 L1 G2 p4 {0 _
3 I/ K) d4 J3 h2 F" c3 J5 h e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) * a y) e; j: p& }' G9 f" [$ r: ^
( ^* ^! x7 v% D( O/ M
道 Daoism(Taoism)
. b8 w4 h, ~7 ?9 r2 |3 g0 h2 Q
! I: j3 j, m5 |! K; v/ E 上火 excessive internal heat
3 q; B( p4 _/ H" T2 Q- J* q, _( b" d$ ^- S& ~7 G1 [4 c% k
儒学 Confucianism ; f( o' J6 r' g
8 k) s" F# [; O7 x& I
红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
' F$ ~8 w% U' V4 m6 @$ ]
# u5 ~" P5 h0 Y8 e& C 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
% Z% P5 z' M! B# c- y+ I* S' R0 ]% a* n% a- r8 n% q3 X
开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
6 [2 s5 Y3 a h, ^5 ~3 w7 m v2 w+ y
大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 4 ~: {2 W5 W0 M' F ]9 |1 Q
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伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded ) P# v8 t7 }6 z4 [6 @0 I
: @: Y" y& p4 U5 l( q8 x* b0 ^8 Q, B
不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … + U% ^& f' V! {6 K5 M, h
- D0 E/ y* W. I; E/ }* z1 x4 s 合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people ; h9 i2 {3 I: k0 u
( t; V- D4 t: i+ a7 ~; [( ^ 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
& o* z% S) z7 A4 \7 l, ]& P# n& y- O- \& p% G. Y
铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post ! b8 X' c- h2 m2 _- `. J
z& x' m5 d/ Y! [3 a( ]4 ^7 P! z
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty % Q; h( m/ F( ?# c
2 S. s+ p- }* N+ K1 V2 L6 c/ O$ } 治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
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! Y. j0 c: @" {& q
0 G: n+ A1 ^! g2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
4 P% R1 M& V5 w5 ~2 ?# V+ K5 R; t8 p1 e/ H# X
国庆节 National Day
; ]* U3 M1 G& \! c
. d) I* a0 j; Z- w8 p 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival " p/ X3 w) ^# R) |: k N; K- t
6 l" U2 P i3 B0 a4 J. g 春节 Spring Festival
( J7 w) J) A9 S9 H9 ~9 n
; z7 g c+ X) b @- B7 G 元宵节 Lantern Festival
# j2 ^* u M; U# O# T2 P. w. t! d2 b; ]
儿童节 Children’s Day ) Q+ H8 C! u/ f p$ J9 p
& F1 a- T) l4 D 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
4 u; P) s8 o: K1 Y" G) C
3 d5 D& Z8 E5 S9 D) `3 j7 z, C 妇女节 Women’s Day
4 X" c+ p2 _2 U- Y; l5 ?' ?+ H3 w! A$ l2 S/ G* _" D% o: |6 M
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day ' R3 d5 y5 d1 D, m3 g L6 p
1 ~! U J1 l. @: c' I* X
教师节 Teachers’ Day ) V% [. b) ]+ j+ q4 H
% h% A' r/ X, R0 s
五四青年节 Youth Day
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3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
' h: Z7 {7 @/ v+ E* {9 ?' f1 s' F: ^/ s2 r& y$ n- `
馄饨 wonton 7 v$ C5 ]; _* n: r u, S
6 w) O5 i& V" ^/ J; {
锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) % S5 V2 A6 b( d6 O; n) l9 ]+ v
- u9 m: U# x! U
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
) q9 I! \+ k$ [8 H5 c" ^' v% H" o$ L2 M# ~/ x
套餐 set meal
9 G$ E* }0 j* g7 g) x
" X9 U5 c+ B9 f) d2 d 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
) k- i# [2 T8 H! T* E
7 k8 I) Y! U1 V( `3 S 米豆腐 rice tofu
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, @# Z/ i5 [# s/ z r 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu " l- `! M+ ~3 L# o( X+ k
7 O; n- y( J9 W& f9 I3 Y
米粉 rice noodles
/ F$ }: q0 B9 ^' X+ H3 c+ R+ T7 M8 l* f. q+ H; x# s0 b
冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) $ X+ c' W9 u ^/ f( t: V
2 F0 G) `0 k, Y/ w. | 火锅 chafing dish
X" Q$ ^+ v" J/ N# G" W. D0 y/ X4 Z) O' B" C
八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
. g6 ?% k0 Q0 k0 z1 x3 V# q$ ~( B. z, e" r$ V9 v0 @4 S& o/ A
粉丝 glass noodles
9 g7 S4 `2 F j) W7 L K. b# O) f1 Q) h' I+ G( V! x2 ~$ _: A" O
豆腐脑 jellied bean curd , ^% S% O( g: q
, {9 K8 g6 G* f6 i
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4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) ) @+ Y/ W/ i" W2 B, f4 y. ^1 W! n
中国 电信 China Telecom
5 a" P R! W$ T$ L
# l9 @8 S. \: N2 d+ b3 J 中国 移动 China Mobile
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% P/ V8 S! U8 B: w3 r, g2 d- \ 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
1 J, T5 k# R4 h' a; z% v; ^0 B5 A `2 B( M1 m$ M7 m: O' L
中国电脑联网 Chinanet 5 W( y! B9 g& D/ Y- _; Q9 L
' D, i; g4 L' w: q, l 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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" n5 a" ^7 C8 V& D8 `- K% s; Y9 C 希望工程 Project Hope
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2 i+ \4 O6 A9 N3 W$ U+ }$ p& m: o. X 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
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扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 2 D* T+ Z) @$ \0 p O
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
( _' M& O7 L. a. G8 f0 y
' Y7 Z7 o: D0 S! k7 ?: j7 B* j 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 8 J/ w, O' \" E7 G2 J
8 O0 b& o# O6 @8 _3 o# p+ e3 @ 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
. ~4 G6 r- y- q. ^6 O3 _
7 k- T- U& K) P/ \ 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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f' s/ i3 w7 e4 n% m5 、特有的一些汉语词汇 ( g9 v; |: p" d
: s0 C/ C) p7 f/ F# @* C
禅宗 Zen Buddhism 2 t$ E' u2 o. d3 v. d3 J1 `5 m
) s* O- X o$ ?; l$ }% _: V6 u% Z
禅 dhyana; dhgaya $ l: g0 \ E, I2 H2 t. S
4 T/ |) a* m: N' H& L W 混沌 chaos
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2 m; t* E9 I0 h7 {8 | 道 Daosim, the way and its power 2 y6 [, U1 f' P8 Y& m) z* s
/ i1 ~" b/ E; t, G+ I 四谛 Four Noble Truth 6 o; y9 t3 }1 _* {* _
2 Y8 a1 r5 q* O( ]1 d 八正道 Eightfold Path
3 N4 J) w J; n' O
* C4 e; O1 R3 N, m0 |" ] 无常 anity 0 a- l& n4 Y( u. J
( Q/ Q0 |* ?7 _6 E X) ]' N 五行说 Theory of Five Elements 9 H4 ]8 d- H8 w
# z d2 _6 H& n- u* [+ j# ~/ V" j6 K 无我 anatman
; L; i+ i9 X0 g m: s5 M6 t s/ E* }6 d F
坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
7 c. l( i& x; C" K
" w) [2 D2 l W% E. p5 B0 e+ c 空 sunyata
1 B$ c3 h; N. q* c1 g, P, s* s
1 M1 O4 f `! A- {' q0 a- n& F 虚无 nothingness
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0 w2 r8 y3 L7 E. ~ 双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
2 v8 \* a0 o( X$ u: n4 G% E! ~+ F. r$ M- \
小品 witty skits
/ {+ |2 w; K/ Y% x! |
8 }5 |/ o% d5 q3 J5 [) k! v 相声 cross-talk " X1 U1 c5 T: ~
5 {* X8 n( B. S% ~# G9 n/ V% X, o 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
* D5 |6 K. b: f1 }
( h+ M+ P# I8 O. K, b 夜猫子 night people; night-owls & N$ [8 l' T2 Z% c( B8 T3 D; R
( T$ L- ^! H6 ]( ?1 R: l
本命年 this animal year of sb.
9 c( O' ?# r6 h! ~
9 {0 V- A2 c6 v* [6 D 处世之道 philosophy of life ?: m/ m% s) k/ L- ]4 W# l
( v$ p# f1 V9 u C0 a8 X( B0 ] 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) & u ?% f" C1 A# v+ g
# `, {, Y- x8 C 还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
3 j, l ~; O0 Q9 Y3 n% _. Q* u9 }, X/ l( R9 G% w* v! H6 v
6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
! O) s7 J/ B$ Z5 M/ F$ z6 k1 s
" v' B- X, L& h i 大陆中国 Mainland China
$ Y0 y9 y* r, r; w% N. G5 F
$ O& y' ?) Z1 @ 红宝书 little red book
3 v$ j: S; k( A5 L! m6 g4 j. q o) @( v' w6 e9 h
红色中国 socialist China
% Z- C3 W" i U* C, @; v) `( \3 D
' F% i4 J2 g) D1 E; W, b+ n, \ 四化 Four Modernizations $ f4 B, [6 H X
6 K) i( @" Z, N/ y3 A8 s 终生职业 job-for-life ( U0 G3 X" O6 A1 Z! J
3 j) |1 d4 |* [7 |2 c 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
9 y! _) {- q y b" }6 Y) `" A8 L! h2 U& e
大锅饭 communal pot
( W. U# ^7 _* A6 h+ L V0 F$ E* y" j
关系户 closely-related units ' Q2 i! O0 H" }! j; K6 `( R$ }
: \. N+ @. s5 E* N 外出打工人员 migrant workers
: M f+ _, ~! P% W) m, _3 Y& v9 w; ]
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
" D2 Z6 ^) D1 l _6 z! H& {" D7 `8 b- M; s6 l- R# { M& `
五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals ; F& P0 [; l: l8 ~9 u4 s( Z; z9 Y
( C; \ H7 V& U0 }
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment - [' G# t+ l! G9 @7 B
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
$ J9 D( N' v6 `0 y! k 宣纸 rice paper
" k0 ~1 X; E0 s( ~8 V2 A: h) l2 A- ^; K! }$ u8 S# u
衙门 yamen 5 w% R) a! R: E! \0 {) Y
# o" x* _; e# ] 叩头 kowtow
X8 w- ?( ~, {. F0 h& H4 Y! s4 d8 [
孔子Confucius
* [/ p% [0 m% j# n% x5 y& D. V, _) j- w2 _4 O, E" [' z7 o; Y
牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
]' B5 K7 Q, y; g" S$ X
2 ?- U4 X5 S; Q" A H 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
- S; `+ Z- a2 [, c- T% O7 t# E6 {, A3 [
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu ! t* F/ W/ M. K. o( A4 g- J
& N/ g/ P. e! q8 i! D
中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) 2 p# j" ~. n1 ~' Q1 `5 E( I
4 G* l, Q( a, U% o/ X
中和 harmony (zhonghe) / m0 V; ? a' u- |2 ?
2 w. j4 i; P4 Q1 a! ^ 孝顺 to show filial obedience
! b/ a3 ], p9 h" @) k6 G7 L
1 [- V, p# P) V N+ e' n4 `4 ? 孝子 dutiful son 5 W7 |: E; d4 D. w) h* R$ y1 y
3 v4 M& G! G+ X9 k/ }& V. A
家长 family head * H8 S( T9 a2 |4 S6 ^
% j+ f, G/ x" d3 I1 v' t 三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
' H0 Y7 o2 N: `0 [; w; |7 D: M4 i$ e) v4 d
五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
) q( i. F( P, G: V3 q" _8 r3 Z& C E5 X* q! {1 L7 ]7 n# V: X
八股文 eight-legged essays _4 s1 e+ F8 h, u9 l |. ?7 q: B3 e3 R
8 C9 [* e( _; {& \5 H 多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
4 l9 s) e x/ c9 J2 n3 o" j' D+ p7 d. u' e5 q3 v& o
养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
6 o1 c( Z/ N, P
: p5 W$ w/ t* i" H/ W' J3 p8 {. W8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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" ?& q( n( r- z! ~( P' d) v5 e& F 基层监督 grass-roots supervision
% {: ^# D' A$ f7 Y) }- i0 l) a7 _2 Q) `5 M1 m
基础税率 base tariff level
: B: U+ i7 u3 R. z& I
$ H5 O. t: x0 a) e C 婚介所 matrimonial agency
% }- Q% x6 X/ {( }$ U a; T
. T0 r4 p; X9 l1 k 婚外恋 extramarital love 4 Y2 F! n' {1 Z1 g0 O" N, s
6 G1 k6 q7 @; P- w
婚纱摄影 bride photo 5 f# e) K, G* i) ?! U! h4 n
2 w" s+ m5 p+ A! a4 o
黑心棉 shoddy cotton
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机器阅卷 machine scoring
: ]! D( _+ R) ]% ?) s: B6 m, m9 V
即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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# W5 a6 s1 E' g 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development U5 T& [4 e$ A' n
* z2 Z& i* J' R& ]- Z
价格听证会 public price hearings 6 v: g z, b6 T t% S; _- R
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甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
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. g: ]" G: }3 G V 家政服务 household management service
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5 B; h3 c2 ]$ o W" q/ V0 D 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion ' s& L" Q q$ b7 t* t' z& J
$ y$ A. H: ]. ]. w+ ]1 ] 假帐 accounting fraud
0 C6 a' n, N- K T0 t% S
( c) ]7 r% e& O8 ] 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel ' r' W; s6 E; K
; E( O( I, }) I# ]' P
矫情 use lame arguments
4 O: W+ H& Q/ _' j0 l+ K( m. D+ z$ a: ], `5 C! s% `
渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
, s9 j! e C3 t
' {# }7 N) l# O0 R3 \ 借调 temporarily transfer 6 a7 ~9 k, `4 r: L
- W& Q% K) I5 f1 Q% A
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. : V0 g% V& }9 P/ _* r
% M+ `; o6 T3 u9 d a! z+ V
扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption 0 i9 _3 M! G) J+ N$ }4 }
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9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
, u- t& h7 ~, b7 K, R F' _主席团Presidium ! D! q! [- Q0 n9 T' C( z9 s
常务委员会Standing Committee + B0 y2 ^' h4 o
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China * a$ A5 Z% v6 L# c" J
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
8 U' s1 E% A3 a# j国务院State Council , {; o* d! N0 G% E
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry
) {1 w6 E& Y) H" U文化部Ministry of Culture : f$ u2 y* d4 G$ i2 w' h
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
* B) s; K/ j7 _- d外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 4 ^9 i. Y' `8 } O; X0 h; g+ m# Q
国防部Ministry of National Defence 8 d1 C* o% A% s1 N) g" Z% U4 U
教育部Ministry of Education ( C y% P4 X4 i' b
公安部 Ministry of Public Security : |( |5 ?: v9 `: C8 E
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
' ]$ s1 `9 d( ?: [- L) `# y- d/ N中国人民银行People’s Bank of China : M+ a) y0 O% {% t
中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences % y- a2 d& \6 Y5 B& T# h1 M3 M
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences # |6 J4 `! T* s( |9 J7 [ ?6 }' C
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
, L! h$ U S& q) ]最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court 4 H4 P+ l3 m$ B+ p0 G6 ]3 k2 X
最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate + a8 W F& D$ l
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
L' x; E7 i4 T! m! L# X ~* \ M% S* ^中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC 4 k! P# |+ O% l, T; K. ~
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC ( g' `5 t ~3 k* |; K3 t
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC : i" p" F# C x* ?
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC 6 d# w- @1 o% t! J6 M8 ], q" [
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC & p- [: @" A7 }, a2 l2 E1 \5 t \5 r7 Z
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC
1 F1 l4 P `, m: L! L: I0 ]中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) . A8 D- n; G2 u& \- K
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC : ^2 P. |. z4 s& _+ k
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC ' t( B* ]2 s7 r# F4 A
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee + P' D! }4 |% Z4 H' x
专门委员会Special Committee
1 j3 T1 L N' \2 R/ Y8 d$ o中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees ! l1 ?3 t! O! l1 \9 [) K
中国政党Chinese Parties
! Q; M6 T) l' h* s# A( f中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 1 m2 I; J( c; r8 H" \+ W/ O/ k
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang , k5 F' T' S/ H& f9 r
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League - A0 b% A" T4 B# m0 u1 e9 \% A( ?2 ^
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
2 w; M" L$ r' N( ^! G中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy ) K1 A" W1 {" a% }) Q7 c9 g/ s
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party % Z& z. Z$ ]8 b/ a) M3 N3 [
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
* f+ s0 P# i2 l% j- W$ P! q0 q# u九三学社Jiu San Society
7 i0 a# W+ m0 G) v5 \中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 # r8 `& |% g( {. g; r$ y
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 4 t/ ]) p2 u8 a5 L3 _- |1 p9 ^
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee # {6 R* P- b! x; w R5 o8 V( B3 w
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee ; Q* E; ~! Y9 ^' _ a0 R) {) R
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
* B( x# J; ~- N- L) _中央委员 Member, Central Committee
( w- m: `& e- J( K' A: } C! n候补委员 Alternate Member
$ o& m3 J: H( l3 e2 Z: Y0 Z…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 1 G9 d* T5 d g
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
3 R8 \+ U2 v ]; t7 e2 a& a全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
' V$ s% q5 A5 v" u/ v0 W S4 V秘书长 Secretary-General , Q" b5 H7 S! ^8 |9 g$ J
主任委员 Chairman
0 d9 P' a+ F. z+ q委员 Member
' _+ q0 {, L$ N(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress
+ s; c/ [' [1 W5 L1 Z/ S9 ~人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress 5 v/ @* \2 S2 _
国务院总理 Premier, State Council 1 s! K0 u; k) G1 E. e- j2 b
国务委员 State Councilor $ I8 F, x8 e& _! r) \( N
秘书长 Secretary-General
+ T: C) [$ }9 x1 [(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for 1 F ]" [5 B% n2 e$ c7 g$ _
(国务院各部)部长 Minister
7 v( D: ^2 e T% K- E5 B$ ]部长助理 Assistant Minister
/ k; @% y! J5 |) j司长 Director
+ X1 P; y- ?$ r局长 Director
9 |( R/ M4 i$ V$ `! u$ \6 i. X省长 Governor , C" b4 b7 |) k( N
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor " p: \* o% I# O
自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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