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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
, w) U: g2 W, \5 F+ z 八卦 trigram
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?; j6 V: H% S. E 阴、阳 yin, yang ! F9 ] g2 g0 ]4 g
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道 Dao(cf. logo) ' T3 e1 E2 T5 A7 b3 n* d$ R
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江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
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e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) 1 A; i+ i, Z @! L
3 c: z0 I9 u, ~$ }( { R# r# G1 [* ] 道 Daoism(Taoism)
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上火 excessive internal heat
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儒学 Confucianism
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) E8 I% n/ A7 C6 [3 p: I 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology 0 O) s% ^2 A+ V$ _; }6 X# ^
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世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
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开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
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3 i- m% A4 C9 l/ |2 z/ v) \ 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
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伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 2 S2 f0 H$ b0 |1 b4 _. h
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people ; G; J' ~7 z1 t. _: ~
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乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 9 {0 I' m2 Z( G1 n: X
3 c5 O# b& w) @) d0 W1 d) k 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
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& I- W- [, i! e) ^ 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 1 m; r" E7 G- n+ V2 b7 P) j
2 n1 M/ q% c6 l# B3 L 治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
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2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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; a5 C; k5 y! m1 V 国庆节 National Day 3 r$ ]& `! O2 j2 M" ]
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中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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! H9 c) z' H u9 b Y8 z/ i2 ? 春节 Spring Festival : O" \# t1 S" X g" u# s
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元宵节 Lantern Festival % T: ]# F, A7 C. ]" f! [) v$ r0 y
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儿童节 Children’s Day
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8 G' T T- W; X& @ 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival / Y7 F9 ~9 A$ B" S m4 s3 h
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妇女节 Women’s Day " ^7 Y: y) b& Y( `* T+ E4 R; J
2 w' v: K& C" q- j4 [ 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 8 M+ p( J; X4 l, S1 K+ B
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教师节 Teachers’ Day ; F6 f& {! O: V3 V) W
) b0 ]* d* h" R0 X0 C' E! T 五四青年节 Youth Day : p, p4 V/ T7 [
' K. W1 A9 h, H* _0 C) y3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
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; y* e. n/ R$ b' e! R# S- J 馄饨 wonton 8 ~0 q' Y0 [% y, w0 Z6 h+ d! ^
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锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
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花卷 steamed twisted rolls ; ` J) s: k. F2 w" z/ b2 T5 P
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套餐 set meal
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盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
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米豆腐 rice tofu
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8 e3 m, G, e3 R; V ? 魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 7 t5 R+ J( x' N
3 u: H3 I# f8 S+ m2 M/ N 米粉 rice noodles
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冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) * a: Y0 O" [/ j- B
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火锅 chafing dish ' [& h9 \2 L' N' b+ D
7 S0 x7 \% d* g 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding + u+ b+ `% f L/ M! e7 I- A0 p
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粉丝 glass noodles
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0 N& o4 V/ C0 g' B 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd 3 f9 x5 g: Q4 D( S* u: m! {7 s
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! \; b7 _9 b/ Q1 u4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) 3 [% C$ a9 D' z$ C( i/ P* S
中国 电信 China Telecom ; j5 D0 K4 a2 W" s# K2 e/ P O8 W
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中国 移动 China Mobile : C- H6 @# w# t
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十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan 7 X1 _8 Q' c) t
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中国电脑联网 Chinanet 9 B1 n# ^4 u( [1 ?
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三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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6 ]4 k& S1 q! m" y% k/ o 希望工程 Project Hope ! x- r+ A5 `8 I& |
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京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 7 X( O- |! X, y% [3 q
" G/ J8 I3 [' T8 a 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 5 _7 o, H* Q# V2 _' P% I: j
* a* N- Q/ j: _2 E 菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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; {7 Q/ \8 J) ? 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
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0 n- w6 A6 J/ f: P! E3 J 安居工程 Economy Housing Project 0 k4 ?, v6 y$ L: y' C
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扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign : q) t$ N! Y) ^9 |
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西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
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' D" T- P, ~. _" f+ e( d& k5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
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禅宗 Zen Buddhism " T. S# W0 V$ D X8 g* e, f
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禅 dhyana; dhgaya : D' p! {" S8 F9 R
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混沌 chaos 2 I& u* I/ U1 o8 }3 L1 {5 H
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道 Daosim, the way and its power & ]9 H8 ?- a1 o1 r% d3 y- U; ?1 W; {
/ {' u F+ r1 ^ 四谛 Four Noble Truth 5 Y: n/ t6 ?8 ]. }
8 y, k8 m4 d) s3 s2 Y 八正道 Eightfold Path
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2 x2 j4 a3 Q8 w. P W. Y4 Z 无常 anity 9 P7 r. d1 a! \3 P* |% n4 l4 B
! N! u1 d. U: a5 x. f 五行说 Theory of Five Elements
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2 x+ u* Z1 C' n& b6 m 无我 anatman 1 \' D" t$ i+ K: g, n! r
3 v1 q" N0 S+ j7 v8 B2 G 坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation 0 D8 q% H- w3 r
1 D( o% `% U" w W9 |! p, R' L; H" r 空 sunyata ! n' {5 A( D4 Z# C3 h6 s
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虚无 nothingness
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双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) ' Y& M3 F5 ?! H+ w% p/ ]) S% B; a
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小品 witty skits
6 [+ J" _5 {. z b& [& F
4 x: p8 R* T0 G( ` 相声 cross-talk ' K! A, _- \* c0 o1 }" {$ j
2 w# s" o/ O+ F: F1 x 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt 4 o. q* [% P5 {8 g% S( Z
% O6 r$ p8 Z! s6 k0 x0 e2 d 夜猫子 night people; night-owls
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7 N1 O4 L! E, R0 t! |0 l( j 本命年 this animal year of sb. / v5 f% A3 U8 k5 O2 E9 U( Z9 N
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处世之道 philosophy of life 7 P# l# z- y8 d5 G0 O
( r8 e4 X6 [$ _6 V 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
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还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
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4 {; }2 U% A+ k5 ~6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
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$ U1 }+ [& I, S 大陆中国 Mainland China , c) k. `7 Z# d2 |) {# I- @" Y
6 U4 a ~) U; [% e. x! b 红宝书 little red book 4 H! \- n& p2 d$ @8 h6 }: Z' g
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红色中国 socialist China * E- G- b4 v: a/ o
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四化 Four Modernizations
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终生职业 job-for-life 3 y/ F* F; {5 e7 S& z
9 c" |& w& t9 f9 d% H 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
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+ I* ?, C' L2 Y1 i4 e& K 大锅饭 communal pot
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1 E( g6 o# N( M- z( [6 ]0 h 关系户 closely-related units 9 P( i" n1 U6 i! Y+ |
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外出打工人员 migrant workers - F6 L; A+ g. j! @
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关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
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五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals . E; \6 l9 B9 q5 k
4 L% b5 p* G: Z1 f" _ 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) " n1 E B! K8 v- ~+ L2 l
宣纸 rice paper
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* F. Z, Z1 V$ U% B! d# u 衙门 yamen & x9 \* [) a: A! H5 C
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叩头 kowtow 2 j5 Q3 Z4 F: d1 z% l( {
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孔子Confucius
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' z- b5 U8 F- X% X 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
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武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) 1 l$ L; V5 p* B" f: }7 \
|# T1 K7 \( q" o) d 功夫 kungfu ;kung fu ; }" d; a, H8 J' Y
2 g, p" T, |) x; V: [" m: H 中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) , o( D. o) ]7 k' S* a& V. J0 Q$ d
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中和 harmony (zhonghe) M8 V8 e. J! S; B% O) [
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孝顺 to show filial obedience
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6 b8 s; v j( E" S 孝子 dutiful son
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家长 family head
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5 S4 Q7 O* a! `/ P% J 三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife
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: |& L7 v1 Q; V, X3 } 五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
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3 W- I! y, A' A' {: p8 |* d4 V 八股文 eight-legged essays
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7 r$ N- O0 c B9 W7 k. v; s% J 多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness ! f8 ?" g {: l3 ~
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养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
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8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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基层监督 grass-roots supervision ) D1 q; R4 q1 h
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基础税率 base tariff level
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2 o, x9 G4 I1 G) Y2 N. g$ u 婚介所 matrimonial agency 9 i' y3 o# I2 \) R; \9 k+ E
) Y/ Q" ^$ n" i! I, t 婚外恋 extramarital love
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! ]0 x+ B( ]2 O }6 D' A0 }3 ~( u 婚纱摄影 bride photo 5 P9 P/ q8 f! p& I
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黑心棉 shoddy cotton
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6 n: ?* n& r1 b4 @# y6 P 机器阅卷 machine scoring
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即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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1 \! L h% T2 ^% @% [ 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development ! |/ P5 m k5 }0 ~: \+ y
4 Q- I w2 e) _0 d9 { 价格听证会 public price hearings - [4 k7 ^- v& k/ H8 D0 z! ^
4 {" d) F4 t0 T3 [0 C 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
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家政服务 household management service V! f3 J; W8 |' o; P' A
q( [8 r; [ D' S& E) h7 |% W- c 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion ' ~& `1 ~* p9 j. k
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假帐 accounting fraud
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. D4 @9 Q% u' l 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
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" Z3 C+ H, q) X2 K7 W( j 矫情 use lame arguments * J/ s4 C8 e( G, o* h# f2 y
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渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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: m4 g' h7 P% ^; p 借调 temporarily transfer 7 c; A# A8 B3 G% ~+ V. r' [* H0 K
5 J4 h# j s' W5 O4 C3 p/ H 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
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/ B1 u* H/ [1 e& r0 Q$ ^) H 扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
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) r. M$ r4 w4 S5 F9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 4 F" {6 r$ j) [+ X3 V0 `7 K- f# N
主席团Presidium
2 K1 f# V' P% D1 v5 ~1 A常务委员会Standing Committee S+ m! x3 }2 i& y: J
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China * K" m1 e+ [# K
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission . Y3 ~0 i& O) R& G. H4 B3 w
国务院State Council $ a4 X6 n R& H+ m# ^0 x
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry I; @- h1 i5 G! t% g. l# [
文化部Ministry of Culture
+ c& n6 G3 K" L) E卫生部Ministry of Public Health
1 k, g ^6 W9 F) T. [4 g外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
. r1 u; d- }1 q7 p$ Y) ~国防部Ministry of National Defence
/ _/ ~! `& v( Y1 }9 f5 T% {教育部Ministry of Education
$ P" A# D0 Z) D3 a+ y0 i5 q8 q公安部 Ministry of Public Security & ^0 r& a ^+ ^# p$ F
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
) J. H4 `: _' N8 r9 y中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
% X6 n7 e6 y0 A) ^* R3 G4 |中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
U' ~% Z6 n6 Q% I+ F& _中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences $ o+ t0 n$ ` ]9 C! g
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
* `& i5 \6 `+ `0 {" n3 Q最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
2 R& m* P4 M7 N) m' d# {- @- l最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate
5 y. t( i: s5 H! y# c中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 4 P7 V/ @" b. ^6 X8 H- l
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
! }9 G0 Y/ ~6 x1 V7 T, X3 d r6 N中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
: U S7 Z# Q' D: g. E# {6 ^中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
$ O# k0 `( n% S% L中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
0 q# X' _( W3 l中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC ! N% @7 K& Y9 I/ g1 ]
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC 2 D. v8 V/ t$ {* F9 W/ Y* T1 [
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) ) B& l5 d/ o: }& t, H
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC 2 F% z9 d& c! g/ O
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
! S# t+ T* w/ e$ F5 k$ _" {9 c中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee ( t# B; S6 J; U6 b$ l4 V4 D& T
专门委员会Special Committee
( U3 C! P9 F1 v; R% f中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
- s7 c: o$ {9 a: F4 r0 O/ L' k中国政党Chinese Parties
$ i4 U1 B& V; M7 {7 d) X; F中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
3 z2 C8 f' W& H# j0 `中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 4 E; r2 c$ c) N8 e
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
9 R( ?* c6 a) n5 U+ T+ M中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
% J, \9 n( e5 z中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy ; a( C' ?0 _; Z0 j! ~, G T g
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party 9 f/ x4 a3 g% q9 q- U
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang ) V' | h: t2 J" d6 w& T5 W. }
九三学社Jiu San Society
7 L0 h, F5 N/ ^- B中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 ) J, L; L% }5 E: T4 `9 f5 z7 U& h
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee ' Q- Z9 N! K4 r/ I& Y+ ?
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee 6 V9 U$ r: H0 K5 d! h
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee & Y4 ~" ~* {. P3 Z' y! h
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
* W8 D# u( z/ U9 F5 O: Z: u5 V中央委员 Member, Central Committee
) q) S5 i% ^" f/ S候补委员 Alternate Member
" d$ l, J$ Z% j& e* L9 _…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 0 ?# ~1 `4 S9 m$ [
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China ! W* O' l9 a; }0 ?& S
全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress " j0 Z, }0 p0 Q" U" N9 p1 j
秘书长 Secretary-General - T0 z2 f" B3 \1 K' N3 ~7 A4 O5 w
主任委员 Chairman
4 R! q1 U5 W/ G8 Q& S+ i) }9 D委员 Member
: l5 j) W1 O; r% g4 K% |% R(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress ' K- j% Y: n0 @; T7 Z5 K
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress - g/ ?, d) V+ x8 p, _6 x0 a
国务院总理 Premier, State Council ' f3 M P* L \0 v+ a: \5 \
国务委员 State Councilor
- r6 ^7 ]; |' g8 D9 G& f0 D秘书长 Secretary-General " H0 h4 D! e. N9 ^
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for , Y4 I& k$ N4 [& z: m) q1 P
(国务院各部)部长 Minister " V: b/ n F( K& B0 r: }1 ^& [/ w' a
部长助理 Assistant Minister
9 m$ U8 j, U* L) ]司长 Director . g N2 Y5 N# @( T y0 |
局长 Director
8 H: Y n) F, g- L( Z$ i省长 Governor
6 ~! f0 _$ P7 ]' k$ t" `常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
! I0 [ Y" D3 Q, m) J8 \% [自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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