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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
) _1 r* R) s0 K B; i 八卦 trigram
6 x! A- i2 |& N- b) q$ I8 @8 Y$ r; E& w
阴、阳 yin, yang
8 M! E2 @! W3 ?- N( D( U2 @
% F" Y6 K) G) r9 U( h 道 Dao(cf. logo) 3 w5 `: @8 w2 G# ^
; g& j/ o& T+ a& U7 k- z# R
江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) * ]% o9 E6 p" K
4 Q& U2 l) B# }" m8 L# k5 w9 L! y e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己)
0 m/ x( }# o5 N* q2 W, ]7 c5 d3 `1 {/ e: x9 {5 f
道 Daoism(Taoism)
0 s* y1 ?- x2 j# u# z9 A* a1 y- r
上火 excessive internal heat , }: S# m: _7 ]5 {( \/ Z
+ }& R( a: f+ a1 m& G
儒学 Confucianism . {8 v/ ^0 p w( b/ Z
& i4 \+ F# e" D8 X" G) E& M- q% S
红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology + \ \6 A! h$ \5 b& S' b
+ T4 [6 ^+ P/ c2 ?- Y: ^ 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia & O' {/ I/ J" [& o9 @4 j
. l& Q% l7 c S7 S2 d* ], q& K
开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) ' j2 R1 D5 E% {8 j# X. _* y. [
# C, o" n0 U& e 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 5 e7 l! q+ [& M/ v
( N& m. \8 u8 A, ? 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
+ P4 x5 ~. Y, |) q% `; {" N) T$ n
; f9 [) T+ R6 O3 @ 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 1 O- ^: V% @4 y5 ?* b5 o3 s
4 y# g9 r8 F% E1 A6 U( w% N 合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
1 L% x9 w$ @, n/ t
l+ R. A* p. u! s* ? 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
2 a9 d- r6 I$ G, B+ ^& o
, f3 h9 |! j, w 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post : a1 R4 d- J! d8 V& V4 r x1 G
" O* ]3 M; A7 G- V 脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
, `/ J; a+ b z3 n( F$ Z$ W5 T+ T1 n, B1 x' n9 {
治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline " g5 I! R7 |* e- R6 O
2 `" G1 p$ w8 R: J5 x! J7 a; ^! Q! v+ n' C
2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
. j0 v/ Y$ \" T* M$ T' m6 p$ g% l1 i- u( N
国庆节 National Day 3 g# K M) w& X8 l% E/ a, v
4 N. ]" p- E9 u- V2 j4 S Y8 r1 P 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
+ M8 s$ H G. j% T8 V
$ x1 q- } B) Z. B' V; N 春节 Spring Festival ; g2 ?/ H. [3 r3 c) h4 G$ y: F" {
; I8 A9 |, B' B9 t7 B, h
元宵节 Lantern Festival " z- R3 H Q2 d' H3 D4 W _
$ K6 D( |& b1 @1 u! ?
儿童节 Children’s Day
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 0 H0 x& r& l4 z% N# g
) [/ j$ b8 ]) _; F7 P* Y
妇女节 Women’s Day
; o1 N; N( W. i& @3 ?" O E/ H h- T* k/ c. K
泼水节 Water-Splashing Day o* Q( P7 @% M8 ^! ?% p0 ?6 g
^% C, U7 @, d/ ~8 U 教师节 Teachers’ Day / G4 n- s6 O" T& D% p) ]
$ a. C- V" w# \: Q 五四青年节 Youth Day 5 J& y& |, i4 c& H4 a# t M1 W; Q6 E
7 H: W) o% i# u' A" s0 ~3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
& c, _6 F6 }- I# \0 G4 Z2 p4 G. h0 Y. q S
馄饨 wonton
# ~' C1 e! v0 W" d! `% }- W y8 Z) Q& d0 z* x1 C' c: h4 A
锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi)
4 X/ `. ?; @+ [2 f9 ]. |0 T f
[! p+ C7 o# ?; _ 花卷 steamed twisted rolls
' }; v x2 d8 D! [8 _( B5 d+ b; A5 |6 K5 a
套餐 set meal 6 N' B/ L& j5 P; j$ \
. Y3 R3 H0 N1 ^, t( Y6 |/ I3 O6 N 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away 3 U2 ^$ L" N7 }. R* y1 B. `5 z
8 U8 I8 k3 ?. U" ^" g+ P2 w 米豆腐 rice tofu
" _, U4 [1 j9 h* J$ {6 ]$ F- F2 O3 {
魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu & m/ X8 v% F8 K" D
1 n$ Z5 r& l; l: u6 W# G* k6 Z
米粉 rice noodles
* ^7 a( R- w5 Y+ w3 d! @( S: |2 e
+ H( R; I4 J5 r4 @ 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
& h% k8 d- X$ V G. n) e- M
* W- S1 j# G8 {, D- w 火锅 chafing dish
6 ?& Z, G( |) H% N$ d2 C2 k/ r8 Z. h. c$ E3 v
八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 9 n2 I! F6 R& g l
' M2 @/ E( U4 t2 b
粉丝 glass noodles
4 J$ C4 I4 \) C* }1 l+ s
: c& O9 g' z2 \( H5 m 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
! z; H: l* ^ c( D) A, n4 d" I6 B
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( V) i/ |+ C; M
4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
E( j# j. D3 @( Q l 中国 电信 China Telecom / z& i6 ~5 H+ t4 o( H
% l2 @" h, B. b Y5 V: `3 V N; p$ J 中国 移动 China Mobile
6 Y1 o* F* V {4 w7 K, O
9 H0 n% s P: D: R0 m9 H" T 十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
4 c: w4 Q2 V$ p( q ]- v' F( r1 o, J8 v/ x0 @( F
中国电脑联网 Chinanet
8 X$ ?' D9 I+ r1 ~+ }/ v2 [2 e0 {1 g- \$ J3 D. C" U2 M
三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project 6 i) h0 P' M7 N$ j: _
1 o7 g7 M( i( I. S
希望工程 Project Hope ! @8 O5 C" ~8 y e. z1 z1 B l
5 e+ m! l! X6 C' q9 a7 X
京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway 3 X& C! q4 v' H9 k
- n' x6 s( W) L3 [- y- `/ R/ F7 U, \
扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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{" T! m9 e! d3 s/ ` 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
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安居工程 Economy Housing Project ; m. B: ]6 K7 N( o8 k5 S& K
! w- H( X! j7 g/ R! s% e7 W 扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign / @' V& J5 s! t3 f+ q- ^' R
6 E! T- \" U- J/ T4 Z I) e
西部大开发 Go-West Campaign & A" H+ J [8 U, @& m0 W
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
. g L; [ E. |5 B9 a5 @. t
6 s# k! P% Z4 G) r9 | 禅宗 Zen Buddhism ' H. _6 r/ A* X5 A3 L) @. y" d/ N
# B1 o+ s; j$ z. o8 B$ T: G* y8 L2 A9 ] 禅 dhyana; dhgaya
' \4 k! a5 L- {! g) d
2 d' r" ^) G" C/ p* H' a* g 混沌 chaos 3 k/ |, }+ \& N/ r7 ~4 e# s
/ k! J$ z* }: K* ~9 p1 S
道 Daosim, the way and its power
- ^( b: ] `& \- q: s; a7 _( k- s' y" F
四谛 Four Noble Truth
' K7 D1 {# O8 C) M( T( {2 @) d3 o
* L) K0 W+ E( \5 N. }5 Q+ l: O 八正道 Eightfold Path # w7 _9 N% h* S2 y3 v6 h
5 M$ L2 K3 b6 O1 W0 p* r; Y/ M( Y% h
无常 anity : ]. S- |( h5 u6 R( Z
1 z9 g. u1 u# ]" y 五行说 Theory of Five Elements
, H2 e/ x2 q; d* l" B; s3 t# \ N! f" I! o" w; o' i
无我 anatman % h* U4 Y8 ^: z/ T
: e4 }; l# H: f: z# G+ }
坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation 6 w E# y% j* k l! h5 a% ~
1 c. ^$ }4 g; w$ ?5 ^. P# E
空 sunyata
2 i1 K8 v# {6 |2 a7 N7 I4 y0 E& c, ?
虚无 nothingness 3 j7 [% M! F8 b4 F% d$ Q& o) d
4 A1 c' t' b! h" }
双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
4 D% s" o( D% U" [4 ~6 J& @" |0 \+ A7 Z- q2 u
小品 witty skits
& D5 A+ i! L t a5 w% J
1 g R' P+ g' S( F% ?, \) \ 相声 cross-talk
+ \; ~% z- R3 b3 R# l. _- ^: v7 b" @( S+ T) \! {/ e* c( d, U. G, k
噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
* W: d, | v+ a" g! ~! H) [. t( \7 T/ _5 H
夜猫子 night people; night-owls
- O7 ^2 H! ]7 [2 u0 ~, i- K) b( Q/ u( ]' N/ A/ o
本命年 this animal year of sb.
3 {2 N! A3 [4 l: ?% H: p9 G
. d; j# L9 b& j3 o2 v, t 处世之道 philosophy of life
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姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
0 V, O# m. o T( v: f0 }
. X& Y0 W6 F( g7 d1 | 还愿 redeem a wish (vows) ) X( V! P' n7 d; M
! V" O# d0 E' m6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 7 ~3 v, e2 B2 ~3 ^( ]6 N1 _: z
/ P1 B2 [, S3 @0 g4 v6 u' ~ 大陆中国 Mainland China 7 t8 @( R O/ V3 |3 ]# I, L
' _ l/ e2 D( _4 n' E) ? 红宝书 little red book & `. L9 J4 F( @- K; |7 r) g& q
( O2 @: W% E# Y) I2 D
红色中国 socialist China - z7 m1 ]% |7 s. G/ }* ]2 U5 J
/ y2 v0 b/ [) N 四化 Four Modernizations * ~, P p/ G# `8 \+ m) }- X# e
) M V3 r4 c- ~; |6 N
终生职业 job-for-life - ]& _7 D) E2 u: s0 h/ n: s$ A) W
1 n, L# Y0 ]# ]4 Q) D 铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
3 w8 M, J! J* T/ K' I5 P
* p; x0 j7 S1 P" A: B 大锅饭 communal pot 3 g4 Q1 j& r! B Q9 K- {
, m8 M. V; Z! l# _
关系户 closely-related units ; |6 a7 [( N6 U }4 W, V5 ~
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外出打工人员 migrant workers
+ @4 c" D2 a! A: d* u, l/ p2 s3 I" M; m4 ^; g
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
9 W# r: D$ T# I, B, u& G8 J
& k( s) Y* ^. ?0 | 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
+ b0 o3 @" L8 s) }8 C0 t
4 Q w [* R6 n- Y 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment ( @6 k) z7 h T9 t# B1 a8 u" e. b
7 W; M' z! T q5 f, F" _5 I4 z- g3 C* o; E2 h- |
7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) 8 f* P, a/ G9 @) G: ~
宣纸 rice paper : ?& N6 c# c/ j4 P0 x
7 R U) _- ^( n/ b 衙门 yamen
: B; M1 _! f7 y* q2 _3 u9 e2 ]* y8 e2 f1 E
叩头 kowtow 8 Q6 y$ Q' D: q# M5 G8 g$ [
' D# U$ m4 _ a7 T+ M Z
孔子Confucius
5 {+ B& Q4 a1 p! X ]% I1 ]- Q
: S; Y3 R2 @7 x5 f0 Y: E q i: J 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo $ V5 ]$ g" f. ~' `4 e) f4 F! I1 b5 [
- F) R2 V! }' s4 K. R2 C 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
$ p( ?7 D; l& x" x! g7 Q* N+ @5 K1 x) {$ [: Y! @8 Y
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu # C* d& w) x5 ?: E" E8 d% r; c2 `
- j# i2 W8 ?3 ?' F! a8 C
中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
, g3 o/ {/ V9 |3 y# G- X
- H8 Z% I; J; i, q) F$ r 中和 harmony (zhonghe) 1 x% L, e3 |, F1 _ m
# v& Z2 h" r2 G% w- w* k7 j
孝顺 to show filial obedience
: @# n# C. C$ x% {- h% |/ U, z5 b7 I) D
孝子 dutiful son
( a3 X# L0 I, D4 j* x9 m
* \6 L/ i8 {* H 家长 family head ) E) R+ ^- V# l# s! ?5 a
! Q) s! d3 @) M7 L2 L f
三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife : O- m/ D7 B$ W6 ~7 p" n. U
2 k; T( |7 K2 W( u$ { 五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 0 `% B% l5 z7 s# u2 U9 z
7 o# ?7 G6 N4 I% y O0 t9 [ 八股文 eight-legged essays
- d7 D: D# v8 [; l f
3 t0 s1 H! m+ v4 y, o! d1 M 多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness 9 g$ P) S9 H. e p N4 K' R6 U
9 | J& J; y$ x0 C
养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age & Y% H# k6 j2 p& J5 \' V/ w- C
9 o# m8 B! U8 ]6 H/ T8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 7 a; @- Q3 P" [$ _
' l$ L' f- u4 K; E; b0 I0 F3 \ 基层监督 grass-roots supervision
: y; e& {( P* d) _
, f$ a& Z; A5 i( { M9 ~3 R) o% m% @0 } 基础税率 base tariff level
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婚介所 matrimonial agency B9 C3 K5 M% I" F6 g
( |' T! t7 M$ z% L: t, S! y
婚外恋 extramarital love
6 Z4 ?# _5 O3 n* ~* k; Y3 m% Q# Q' J! x2 x
婚纱摄影 bride photo
( ]3 l) u; S- M% e; T! N
6 v0 @5 \* z' U+ ^0 ? 黑心棉 shoddy cotton " p! n% r, y% E: N5 b- c
! |; p- k8 j# i
机器阅卷 machine scoring
' k' P, r2 `! Y2 M, S
: @, U& n% W1 F. i: u8 x 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 6 A9 ]1 J0 ?3 G$ v; d. B- v8 ?. j
8 d) ^- C5 a# w( a
集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development , @ a% O& I1 S: M- ]
0 U3 S. b" ]6 n1 W- V" ` 价格听证会 public price hearings - v1 i" l/ ~3 X$ d
: \3 o: X; O6 X- ] J 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
6 ], M9 h7 a: |) o+ m0 s1 L
' o- H6 c) U% |5 s 家政服务 household management service
5 o4 ~) E6 A/ e. R- @" A" g$ d) }
: _: x% f' K) _) m 加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 8 V! G! n0 @8 s2 I) ]& L7 Z
, O; k/ { ?; J
假帐 accounting fraud
- W" I( t8 W/ ]$ `1 w* d. J' w) y5 m8 X
叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel - \5 v0 Y2 d/ e! U* L* v) ^( b& D
8 X. ^( B$ c7 } w& s
矫情 use lame arguments
( U6 Z; A% _7 f( f% T8 P/ B6 v9 F+ g' [
渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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借调 temporarily transfer 8 P. s1 h; B" X2 u8 _
, R: A, T& G2 {1 t# v4 K
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. $ ~/ c, l* R8 g% [2 D0 e
- s _2 z% q. |8 z
扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption ! |" g6 H' f+ K' [% f, l- ~' m9 `
" i7 e( k# F; q( z; W
9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
+ k7 t7 Q" b) I7 R主席团Presidium * T! \+ Q* H; x2 G
常务委员会Standing Committee
$ j3 t2 r4 m5 Z) i3 D# i中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
`4 E" E+ Q5 b' Q) u" V0 q% t0 P中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
; X! d& ]5 D! J, ~2 Q6 x国务院State Council 7 l7 r. t+ `3 P: H6 a2 [! C
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry ; ]) \# K7 Q" n( m$ R) b
文化部Ministry of Culture , R& J5 K( S5 k( H0 r
卫生部Ministry of Public Health # L" t+ M4 p! \5 b( t; d
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5 z3 }5 _4 k! G* h
国防部Ministry of National Defence
# e$ l: h7 P; @( M1 `0 e9 e教育部Ministry of Education y6 i) t; S( X. w/ f
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
0 {9 J2 @5 E0 G& r8 f国家安全部 Ministry of State Security 9 n2 b L- ]% b8 c, z" e
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
6 M' @1 _* E; I7 [: d5 w中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences ! P) J; k- w$ F! j; `
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
+ r1 O9 x, F; B中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering
" b0 V% r7 T* ^ b最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court * c: h5 Q/ a) I. U5 t1 c
最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate 4 E% I. g" y) M
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , ?3 ^5 e3 Z4 j0 F" a
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC ' L w# a- D. Z5 A0 g. R
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC . q) V' y8 o: j, o8 K) p3 V+ l4 ~
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC
; g0 G9 P A6 j6 V3 }: F中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC - B5 s2 }6 L# D! G
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC ! B2 a5 K' Y1 t& R. {3 |" T
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC # W! p+ }- s/ E7 k: P* `
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) $ ], K g: _/ K5 {. M
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
% u+ {% |2 z% c& g5 f1 L& S. d中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC . t: B4 j: L2 h4 D; i# F
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
# |3 J1 |1 c: S% g9 Y专门委员会Special Committee
; _0 n' D1 ^6 Q+ ~# ?& J- c中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees ; u" F: |. g' S; o
中国政党Chinese Parties 7 @! \3 |# J$ O
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
q' h1 _9 }9 [% ?( a中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang , H3 G$ @! q3 b! x4 K" K/ m* {
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League & G3 K# i' \( ?- E% `; H
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association 8 U/ a. O6 S/ s X$ {! ~
中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy 1 a! M9 \+ x8 U
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party ) J0 R% l" k0 \3 q
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
. C) N- t$ R- A7 E9 q% {0 V九三学社Jiu San Society - | g9 i; _3 K e3 s4 x
中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
z$ ^( `/ Q S中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee " m8 t3 z% f7 q8 c, `
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
* \( e0 v' M2 e! i$ k政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
) x0 _& m( W& l( Y# A6 ?# f/ B书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 3 E/ v" }7 O* m# V. h: W3 C% c. C
中央委员 Member, Central Committee 2 V- G& t4 Y0 X* Q8 l& U) i
候补委员 Alternate Member
. Z* \* R/ v, h4 Y# r/ T…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
9 B( F. @2 u1 Q8 z& N, V中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
7 z$ O) k# \' X全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
% B0 j' n: g/ O" z7 N秘书长 Secretary-General
" \6 i) k3 T) `3 d& c5 o. p6 j) ?主任委员 Chairman
: O* V. d$ W$ l( j委员 Member
c8 X# O% Z0 a+ _(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress 2 A9 _6 b5 |" g6 g) x. B( s
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
6 h# e7 [: _! o: A( h& C国务院总理 Premier, State Council * L% |% A1 D& X0 z- M) K$ o5 M
国务委员 State Councilor
- s) C+ a( L. H9 _! a. ^! @. K5 G秘书长 Secretary-General ; j& z2 L/ {$ t4 c* W) ?. X
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for ; _7 O: H' D* i+ y4 E
(国务院各部)部长 Minister
' A; p- u% n% ~* N0 s$ R; {部长助理 Assistant Minister : s0 \% B& i' |8 C* z: l
司长 Director
W9 ?! R. x) e局长 Director
* H1 O. n& V6 o" i省长 Governor
' `5 ?# u* P- p" ^. ^常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
; ?' {( g* F, b& \6 N# X自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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