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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
" l; w* w2 z8 u! Y( J, g 八卦 trigram % ]6 e( U6 z0 g0 G% Q
, Z' c- K( `# U* Z 阴、阳 yin, yang / q) Y3 p: I; l, G( o1 e' G: [
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道 Dao(cf. logo) 3 [# ]. l5 j9 r
5 g8 P# G+ }1 S) w, p( C, m" M 江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
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e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) # c6 K, [, q g- b2 \& s! [
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道 Daoism(Taoism)
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0 G% J7 | H l! q3 p9 s, y$ g 上火 excessive internal heat
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儒学 Confucianism " c0 e! p$ n1 m) m$ P5 g. b
& ?& D! \* B4 y! d2 g$ P- G 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
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世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia & @& |, c% C; ]1 F2 I( O
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开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) , e0 L0 U& ~' E, ]+ ^. y, X
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大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
8 B7 Z& u% D9 y% z& {$ c: C8 u! e
1 [% C$ ~2 V8 n4 U3 ^( [: [6 w! v 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded . a$ K. G. x0 N) f6 Z' U v7 R
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on …
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
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# I |7 Q7 P& b4 G: T 乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 9 _7 a& C6 \; Q
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铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post 5 l) b+ p2 f( }$ I7 U
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脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
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治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 4 L9 K; Y" d5 s! z& u* p' ^0 C2 r
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2 _5 ], j1 t; q& O$ X, j$ h) X2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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国庆节 National Day / p2 r2 D q+ D) [6 Z; m) \
9 ^1 c6 G0 K* y ~! E9 W 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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春节 Spring Festival
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元宵节 Lantern Festival & O* U! e5 ?* D" A2 y- p/ g
6 ?- _7 M- X) d% P* n5 y1 y 儿童节 Children’s Day * o9 j# u# K i
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 0 d: d* }" x% b1 ~9 s9 l# F
, N# W% Y% g% H* {1 L4 a 妇女节 Women’s Day
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泼水节 Water-Splashing Day
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! R& e F6 F& ]5 ^* W5 T( S 教师节 Teachers’ Day % _+ N( m4 }) r- l+ U; u. O! f4 m
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五四青年节 Youth Day
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3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
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馄饨 wonton
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/ Z' `0 V2 o9 _% {9 s 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 5 F- o( B4 ?4 p! J0 |7 [; W
5 G& s8 O6 _, _3 O) _# ~- N 花卷 steamed twisted rolls
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套餐 set meal # h, v7 x9 V$ i5 L
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盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
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! v8 {! e5 w/ v( |0 m 米豆腐 rice tofu
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魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 8 R( U- w" F; ]' n) [* _6 c% l
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米粉 rice noodles 0 `5 `+ l% o: V- T0 m# |+ }
8 b1 \' w, r& B! H. M x/ L 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
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火锅 chafing dish % K! c- r% I- J/ n6 }
4 x& } G( N. K' D" I, n* a" B 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 8 M: m( a1 Q" _; W0 P+ F/ B5 g; m
7 r6 z+ o# X9 Z 粉丝 glass noodles
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9 x, N/ q! u8 m3 t. G 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd Q& f: r* N2 U8 z$ t2 \
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! M. i0 v+ |/ F+ _" Y2 b4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
( _9 b, r1 S: m% q" D3 L# W 中国 电信 China Telecom
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中国 移动 China Mobile / Y& C7 _ E+ F) J. X5 T
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十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
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" G F7 M5 C( S; P! |) P) C 中国电脑联网 Chinanet p! [) @) L; \6 [) s
' J1 R7 H" R3 Q8 h 三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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`5 L1 c) W2 u8 r 希望工程 Project Hope - `$ N" L( X5 @5 z5 i1 ~
' |+ f4 j w4 l% z" s7 n' p 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
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扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project 5 G* g+ f( h+ O% S6 v
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project
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温饱工程 Decent-Life Project 0 ]# t0 {1 I' g0 Y1 {" ?# X1 M
4 W6 a# x3 l6 \7 @4 x 安居工程 Economy Housing Project
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扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
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9 D& d2 N6 p% j. w 西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 1 G0 x. O) m& u. k
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
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禅宗 Zen Buddhism * Y" a& o" u' _; w( F8 r4 [
5 g9 n1 v7 {' c1 J& H8 B 禅 dhyana; dhgaya
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混沌 chaos
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道 Daosim, the way and its power
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% }# d2 A6 L) ?$ v1 d# x 四谛 Four Noble Truth
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% Z8 t8 S4 Q" M/ n" a 八正道 Eightfold Path / ]: `" _, \- _4 { Z3 c4 X
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无常 anity
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( R. e3 }4 [# c' i" W. g0 t 五行说 Theory of Five Elements 8 f( o5 K6 Q* ]) [
& A, o" Q- i) X! } D; m 无我 anatman 6 s) g5 d& c. ?* b% b3 T& ^* |
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坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
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空 sunyata
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虚无 nothingness % u l# Q: K# q' d, f
}, D! `7 Y4 t' a8 n5 J 双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英) $ f7 h+ o9 I5 Q5 }5 U$ H
2 Y. W. B* ^& Q+ { 小品 witty skits . {6 E1 u& F" D; s5 C9 [; E
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相声 cross-talk * N' J2 `) Y% W4 N/ X- i9 S
( Z. g, X3 Y- c4 t2 H( A+ L 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt ! f1 j0 w& d4 E$ i8 ]
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夜猫子 night people; night-owls
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本命年 this animal year of sb. 7 q) m% z/ w8 h3 ]
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处世之道 philosophy of life
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5 d7 @7 b! G# T, F 姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)
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还愿 redeem a wish (vows) ; [4 |: y. r: S3 I8 F! C
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6 、具有文化特色的现代表述 8 D/ ?! o: x: P) l& d
1 j# I+ G3 y ?" Q+ ^ 大陆中国 Mainland China 0 s, _% n) \$ K8 ~8 l, f |
+ g2 Y- D" r( e& Y: W7 `+ \ 红宝书 little red book & I2 j5 h& x$ N7 U, f
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红色中国 socialist China $ C+ J1 w* A2 [* k4 B% Y/ Q3 T
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四化 Four Modernizations
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终生职业 job-for-life , v, R: M) s: P* P I* B
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铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
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大锅饭 communal pot
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关系户 closely-related units 9 O6 l* ]3 {5 o: c o& J
$ b, p; V! e4 \& q) e- U 外出打工人员 migrant workers - y! o; f4 r, A- k4 {- I- ]' Z- ~$ t; L
* S; M* g2 r/ Z8 W' `" Y# i1 O 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
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" \$ w9 p) h( Z: m 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 8 Q" [, x5 E5 Y! g8 Z- K$ x
* T+ t% X) p/ r; h0 C4 u 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) . Y5 h% p% E; Q- z( Y" m
宣纸 rice paper , {# @( T5 c- P4 H+ ]
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衙门 yamen
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叩头 kowtow S8 [* u# W; y1 G$ d6 I6 G
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孔子Confucius
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5 @5 K4 ?) Z5 P+ A4 I7 v% q 牌楼 pailou;pai-loo ' G$ _/ A: N- ~( ~
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武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts) ! ?! _# Q7 g' `9 L( B
8 N6 a5 y0 c9 a( I2 t, m, r 功夫 kungfu ;kung fu & D2 M% H7 f! `& V, N1 J( \* s: [
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中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means) ) j/ L3 m, L0 q i3 _, w
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中和 harmony (zhonghe)
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9 v" G! N7 o: T- F 孝顺 to show filial obedience
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孝子 dutiful son ; c7 k$ V7 m+ a+ J% L
1 G0 v- b6 g+ `; q/ V* Y 家长 family head . j# O$ g9 C3 t! b9 Y% y
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三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife - d. ]# Z# J# v/ Z& H- U3 x) q7 s; V
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五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity 6 x: l6 C) N J- [' [8 V; d+ z
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八股文 eight-legged essays
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多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness - p, [# D. U* k: j4 r. Q$ w
* j/ F; r4 P# w% N4 i/ ~/ h& w 养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age ) X2 P6 Q7 I0 L# e2 V- c5 g
) q7 ^" z) i$ Q8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译
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# Z+ R4 o- n+ d# `! \ 基层监督 grass-roots supervision
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4 N$ D& R6 X; x5 ^* U' M 基础税率 base tariff level
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婚介所 matrimonial agency 8 X- y+ L( b* ~$ b( T
7 H/ k5 r; }" U2 p7 } 婚外恋 extramarital love & K! _( y% t( m$ C
. c! y# j2 g. x# n# m1 V/ T 婚纱摄影 bride photo
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6 i2 s+ K, G* w( {! }7 f2 ?5 A 黑心棉 shoddy cotton d# {1 {5 O5 h, T
9 h, N/ u+ M$ d
机器阅卷 machine scoring : [- X2 x5 B0 U) b
% G9 ?: ^. l" F* D# O 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
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集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
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价格听证会 public price hearings
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' s* g: r! G7 w8 i: X1 g1 {9 m 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
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家政服务 household management service ) F/ C' i5 @- k3 S- A8 s
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加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion # C0 C. P4 e! N% p6 {0 Q4 X
. ?" t. D4 u+ u" j 假帐 accounting fraud
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叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
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矫情 use lame arguments 4 B' q8 Q' o6 c, |; h
' Z# S. `. K# \: U5 U" H; e1 b 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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5 B6 y- _: u* h4 r1 F1 x$ Z: e 借调 temporarily transfer
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! p. q/ ^* k+ n2 {5 `6 h 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. / w* P- p9 u. f. \
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扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption & @& S, i7 f6 }) I# o/ v* W/ S
: K: N4 Z% Q5 h! ?6 W3 A9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 1 F6 m; [6 m- s# [5 Y
主席团Presidium ( }) ^6 H' Z) {/ `
常务委员会Standing Committee
' Y# H1 g X9 W) o; f2 ` g' q中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
' R3 i R! C( E0 ^6 L4 F中央军事委员会Central Military Commission $ }. G0 K9 C& F# y2 e. x7 |' k
国务院State Council
1 F, R4 f- U& U: i6 l) m* k信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry ; c1 d, h8 R$ l: m0 m2 R8 l
文化部Ministry of Culture
& Q0 }* H) H- y1 b' Q T- p卫生部Ministry of Public Health 9 o* P4 R& B; g8 ]: W5 C
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
, h& W4 ^: g5 g, G7 p8 i国防部Ministry of National Defence " L$ \6 ^% E7 E0 L9 U
教育部Ministry of Education 0 t6 X) P/ K: H9 Z
公安部 Ministry of Public Security 1 P. `& m) }. s; E% V
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security ( O. x( U$ P( \) |* P& J4 X3 X0 Q
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
3 z0 X6 \# d8 i9 j9 X4 O中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
d+ T' ~5 U) |) {& @中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
" c. e8 R9 ^1 n- H& F中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering 8 t1 i, l' M7 I# t9 }) @/ p
最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
6 ^2 u( F: v8 Y最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate ( H' u' i( y! P; }4 u- d! l' X
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
: j, y9 N- ]9 J b中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC % D5 b) T. ~) s' e1 g/ x
中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
: e2 o( b6 T0 d% G) U7 [" u中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC ' F$ N4 m$ K4 {! ]: [
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC ( @) U- f2 Y: n$ Z
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC
( N& g/ C. h* F2 V7 m$ G7 {+ x/ K中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC - i& i8 q" k l
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
: `: O- X/ Z6 {* ^& r% o8 d6 J中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
6 z* [) k/ u2 v中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
0 D" G7 b8 d* E: x中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee : x" Q' } [ X$ [+ _- a
专门委员会Special Committee $ G0 M) S8 X- q( @* t3 }. R" v
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees 4 C! d* S H8 i3 G! |* ?" I
中国政党Chinese Parties + ]: o1 H6 T& ]5 C
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 8 t: e# @8 ~( P# p2 y/ u! S* y
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
. B7 s8 b% g. K# |中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League 0 s. E- M9 d: q. U
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
2 z; J! D* u$ u: u( ^, u) ^4 j中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy " [" T6 S6 W8 ]- o) U
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party # T# R4 L# z. o n( h9 M
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang b" A6 R" F( f. _1 P% n, X D
九三学社Jiu San Society 0 k7 b9 U/ V$ q
中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
0 [$ ?0 J0 p7 C5 c+ W中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee
6 ^( J$ E. u, ~8 Q7 x政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
! w. t( |' {- ~" j+ F% J) |政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
( D/ h, W6 `' ?! k书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 7 H8 R1 x( V5 `
中央委员 Member, Central Committee ! L; X" E! m& D9 \
候补委员 Alternate Member ' i- `5 J3 x9 S
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
4 u& u, K$ r0 t9 P$ b e, i, e9 z中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
6 _" k3 |+ d0 x; q0 b/ O$ [% f) y全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
, Q& s x# T; w' x O秘书长 Secretary-General
) k4 G" L$ e# V( u主任委员 Chairman $ m* N0 M. u' ?1 V
委员 Member
* i; Y$ r) d: U* z i(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress
2 }) m7 g( r2 Q, r, N4 }0 e5 n人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
' Q+ {7 T: v9 R; D- A5 B: [国务院总理 Premier, State Council 1 l$ A3 ?3 P. b2 w) G2 w/ F
国务委员 State Councilor
G# V! A1 C& s* G/ C- f, ~& d秘书长 Secretary-General 9 M. Q" F/ ]% K) b+ r
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for - _8 H; p5 c( w4 e' [
(国务院各部)部长 Minister $ o; r' m0 c8 Z' Y& z# T( }
部长助理 Assistant Minister
$ f o$ b% _2 y3 `0 c+ {司长 Director
7 o. Y& M& _( S9 t. M' |局长 Director 6 [; f$ J* c: v. X3 n5 |
省长 Governor
) [1 U4 ~% Z( q" W$ f常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor 2 w7 \, h0 ]/ n# k; x9 r5 |" e
自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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