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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses)
' V$ c+ B$ n J 八卦 trigram
% H( k) w+ f! n% z( L, r# _
6 h2 k4 x* _+ B' E! |/ X+ N 阴、阳 yin, yang
/ X: S# A# [: g/ i* z
$ q8 ~4 z0 Z' t% W) h/ X 道 Dao(cf. logo) # I7 J8 N. |+ x H( a7 \7 I
% B) M4 Q" Y& W! \% \/ s
江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
7 G7 q) g) H I1 W% N
8 E6 w& K& |% c4 k# u: X% o e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) ; W. i9 ]/ W4 a: C) ~
S0 K" [! K h" a 道 Daoism(Taoism) ) _# {7 z8 l! f( p) A4 u
f4 ^8 U! F' c. X6 e 上火 excessive internal heat
5 F5 e' n, T5 H6 l* e% I9 q8 h2 t4 h( z" T8 Y2 o+ o% R
儒学 Confucianism & s* k5 T; I5 G' c" N. x" ^
( x- A0 K5 E: ~; G3 p
红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
: N* p5 j3 O) k2 R
& l" }. u" w: X- C6 M 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 0 ^! I( v* U' h" H- i
?6 L: U! Z) `6 ^* X
开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) * z4 {: g/ n; |
/ O2 n5 }& Y+ D8 t) U% o4 g8 p* ~
大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done
, s8 r( I+ z6 \4 [: m' `* A
2 ~7 E* `2 v2 M: t% e6 E4 K 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
: L, u9 w3 x) f7 _3 B
. v- p6 h; N% d( D6 @! q4 g 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … ; d, z$ L" C" Z8 k( ]
* I% i1 X$ m+ U. @, j. {+ @4 D 合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people
4 V7 w2 t2 ^$ H* M# I& c0 O, u) N2 P" D- D1 o
乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge & h; Z; Y" ^& {% Q8 r
, X" n: o! W- ^1 J 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post ) z' L1 ]; Q8 N5 X- `* y
% R: B# [1 T5 p4 E! y) @
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty " o+ `1 S0 |% y
1 p1 U" I& D* _- y3 O, B 治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
9 G0 o& W" t, z
: V) f7 ?: e" U( Q2 U9 e+ I2 i3 j0 |! }0 s2 w8 c9 s. h
2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial) 6 G$ c, c! j3 M- p# s
, r% i) V |, o1 u6 \- ^$ p 国庆节 National Day 6 d- M+ p# a- p8 @$ Y! _" o8 X
$ r/ M4 o, L9 j5 T
中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
5 ]) t. j5 N- Y, q$ P& q
+ i U. B. w3 G 春节 Spring Festival % w7 I2 B2 V( h/ N& D
! t- T9 b+ X# L! C) Z! H) P; y 元宵节 Lantern Festival
' e. B r/ u0 X# V" ?
" |; j K2 u( r2 S 儿童节 Children’s Day $ M5 f. d. u+ x4 Z/ h6 O8 {. _8 D' S! E
/ W" Y: G U# U! O' K 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 4 l0 l; P. l% m
- p1 ~0 m3 ?0 ~+ A* K T
妇女节 Women’s Day
, A- L e5 |+ R6 l+ x Z: Y3 U" z$ J
7 q0 r. k0 b# M! C0 K# m4 r 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day # X1 q$ o# \" j& H |' o8 k& W
2 e& S3 [( z: F: p. U 教师节 Teachers’ Day # m% f: p- J1 Q
7 a4 I& @( K8 \$ L [2 j6 I* s! z/ g 五四青年节 Youth Day
. g- r8 o, A- N Y: m: ], m* Z$ O5 H8 _, j% f2 K2 i) I, `% B
3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
0 \/ |0 g% S" F& @/ r% x4 X3 L$ M% p7 I& `# L
馄饨 wonton ( C' P4 I: p2 z) K
B; H6 m& C' L N# k) |- m9 m: x 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) h) N- Y; p2 F( a( {& U4 z' k& C5 G
: w6 A6 Y* m {+ { 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 4 ?( [' q# {" A! X9 r
) Y. p/ E# _8 a/ g/ E$ {$ y3 }( } 套餐 set meal 0 ^( |% v* R6 R8 p* [
5 r. U) y6 v2 S) `1 y9 @% R 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away ) J1 x& V% q1 E) x+ s9 p( a
/ L2 h, j/ L7 j
米豆腐 rice tofu " B7 f* b$ t1 Y4 F
3 `' Q, ~) V) j( v, l! y
魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu 4 o9 Q5 `! T- X1 D/ o
5 j/ x5 p: v2 h. s f% B5 d2 D% }
米粉 rice noodles & j2 H Y4 d+ k6 g5 ^) j4 C" K6 y
$ V, p9 h0 z" |+ _3 ?+ n
冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
& J, L3 H# Q! R: b2 E. P$ A, {5 u, y p* v( I2 X2 E
火锅 chafing dish
4 b4 E7 J# b1 y5 u. l
6 ], y( _& K/ w- n8 f 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding ) d. f: g! q$ M' X5 O: |' k
7 b# H3 X, u4 S: i 粉丝 glass noodles
% f' X/ v/ F1 _
( Z. a# U' ]0 l& c1 F 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd , t! c( x1 X8 J4 B. p
1 ?) x( B; B8 W% N6 `) Y/ W
- }) {# Q. n* F2 G; l/ s& w/ R7 m+ N
4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) + ?9 ?. Z; a7 V9 J" }/ i
中国 电信 China Telecom
* R* j* m+ l2 w) ?* |3 }5 W) U% E$ n5 ~
中国 移动 China Mobile ; O2 g0 ~' f* W7 W7 f5 o0 V
, _% v3 l' f& E8 u
十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
, n; O% h( }; Z! B7 i K) j0 A/ ~3 Z+ S7 j, H' o
中国电脑联网 Chinanet , t0 |5 j' |6 w) H+ p2 H# }
2 u, b0 E* [5 H
三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project 5 ~- B+ `6 U1 ~: a, V) n
3 Q. M: N# g, _% c
希望工程 Project Hope
" c9 O. o$ V6 T* X& I
& Q. h" l+ j8 v 京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
% h/ ^/ b/ Z& T, s
# |$ N0 y" P( ?/ U 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
/ `) Q8 F2 d0 {- p' B' ?" e5 M$ I1 I
菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project & ^; [2 y% v) y% ?
# c1 u; X1 P- G; S: A9 M& v$ X
温饱工程 Decent-Life Project 7 F; R% U U/ A$ q% P0 {
1 U. O. R& A9 i9 t+ I+ n 安居工程 Economy Housing Project $ L! n$ U2 b8 K) C# V
5 J" J. {$ s x" h# U3 c$ c
扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign
: X# c1 U& x& n' v+ X$ k W2 a; A8 x) i4 a% u& W2 T
西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
' x. J, X9 n; V( ?3 s* Y/ m) [$ x' a; ]. M$ j1 W
5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
: v/ l$ Z6 G# t2 D) `$ e; _
v1 n) B1 k& K9 P 禅宗 Zen Buddhism
# |2 u3 j, N) j' l5 ^8 ?
+ i& U' z3 R# |0 t; H- `% s 禅 dhyana; dhgaya
( u$ r' f( l/ a& f+ O
, {. ?/ a. z7 O 混沌 chaos * G# P0 ]5 ]# y; E) L+ t+ e# s
, x8 \6 E; C3 t( K1 L6 z 道 Daosim, the way and its power 4 E2 u. f4 o1 C9 E, l5 K# E
; ` p4 r8 r' u" h6 P( x 四谛 Four Noble Truth " Q7 Y }7 ~ \2 L! ^
1 ?( G6 ^% K* _/ Q, H 八正道 Eightfold Path
1 U: z8 l$ }. |- ?6 |4 W: s, f) h$ R3 W2 H0 _, l
无常 anity
& H2 T; z2 H9 K) C R0 {7 }. W7 G( G+ w( M0 H
五行说 Theory of Five Elements
! W$ B3 P5 `9 K2 k8 P' u% |! |9 b$ I9 {
无我 anatman
7 h& K) I2 g7 c5 {" k+ d4 ? i7 X3 g, M1 g% S* A0 T3 m- }
坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
0 _7 _: H4 X6 X, g1 b& S- G3 w) R' T. z/ D% d
空 sunyata
* O/ `$ n$ m* S: j! g( t
1 k& Z6 ^& W4 I0 c6 \0 A/ B 虚无 nothingness
$ t3 n3 g! A* Z3 G
S/ Q' \% u4 {. R. b' G 双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
+ x' ?5 A) I4 _5 g; j
5 o5 P7 y X6 l8 n5 [" N 小品 witty skits
$ S( a9 _5 }5 j' N9 J3 Q
: g4 _' U" X$ y! N, h 相声 cross-talk
5 Z$ Z0 I; ]* o
8 h2 @9 F9 A) t 噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
+ c* _# t8 m( [, i. @
$ o; s; i! f* H- W" z6 C 夜猫子 night people; night-owls " i( V4 p8 ?* o7 s3 S* T: }
/ I1 g* n/ Y# _- C8 ?) w) j' l, \7 c
本命年 this animal year of sb. ' K% `! l4 D6 o6 a1 V' `) E$ Z
0 Q9 i! [' i/ W# B, ~* l
处世之道 philosophy of life
! K2 \+ _1 X$ ]8 @' H9 g& ~6 y; q8 r9 g0 u3 o% [0 r5 L S
姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) [" E( J$ Y2 Z& N1 I7 V
, R# Q m$ G9 x$ N
还愿 redeem a wish (vows)
) H$ z& K5 [+ d, q( a3 K* B; N* C0 L( B6 B5 s
6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
3 v- w: L$ S) @! P& a
0 c+ W+ ^! v1 {8 J% P) \) l V* ~ 大陆中国 Mainland China 5 f$ Q' D8 B0 r* I; ?5 f
: _6 Y* t f( K) ]/ l 红宝书 little red book 3 d" n: I& Z" `3 Y2 m
3 K+ v7 Y) I1 R+ l 红色中国 socialist China
: E5 r9 [! y# C ^
) \7 E* Q: K' I: b. e4 I( Y+ c 四化 Four Modernizations
5 @5 q4 W/ p8 b, b) b, N; e
" p q0 \' ~7 d. L7 |) v- @% h 终生职业 job-for-life
1 y# a- c5 X, @7 ?) m4 m* T; s
铁饭碗 iron rice bowl " B6 Q$ j' A1 a+ Q0 h
0 Q/ V+ n9 L* }* G" [0 J" c' T5 s 大锅饭 communal pot
" G% T( e! L* b1 U/ {1 c, a1 a6 {* O& \" l
关系户 closely-related units
, U+ |0 X$ k7 W
) f; y2 e- U$ h# Z/ w 外出打工人员 migrant workers % f! O2 E5 u. S+ Q* K* `
6 @9 u8 _' I8 [, q7 K) p$ L
关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
7 Z+ m- d5 y; U& c5 a& R+ Y# _
) X7 \! F4 n8 t1 k/ @ 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals , y& K' v9 N+ c2 t2 _
# n( y: Q) k# { o" |6 U 四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment $ J5 Q7 {% j1 Y* v# ?1 l
' [) v& C; s" y5 I# p6 T5 Z
9 A7 m' h& F! a8 X3 [
7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items) 8 X: ~. V; ]8 G* X
宣纸 rice paper
8 Q% l" b; W( y# x. ?# E5 S& f- o7 k0 x6 K9 q6 P2 b; i3 _
衙门 yamen 2 k; R, {! V8 d
: y$ {% H7 X- r 叩头 kowtow
. W/ ^2 Z" X8 {5 |/ q, r
- X8 z4 m, r. C/ L) i, f p 孔子Confucius
( |; b a9 |/ G9 ` T5 ], q2 G, z0 j* \8 U9 y+ ~* @
牌楼 pailou;pai-loo 4 T6 o( [. q8 y% y' e
& K0 R2 @5 }7 s% G4 `
武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
* |: f4 ^3 j0 H: G/ n( B. ^7 Z, z) t& I. f2 K$ _
功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
- ^5 ^( y5 d w" Q! S
7 }7 e4 a! B1 G1 u. r7 J3 k4 i6 B! L* f 中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
. M$ U* ]1 N3 `) e0 {% b# n0 M- j5 W; s) U2 @- |
中和 harmony (zhonghe)
. i( L5 h* J- X7 ?/ A) I* S) w$ `- o
孝顺 to show filial obedience ' E$ e B- G' I2 g: N
3 r7 T$ h7 O; ^* E: Q
孝子 dutiful son
% ~% g% Z" C) e" L8 J' c2 g) _, U% U
家长 family head 9 \- Y( E4 F3 j; E
" _! N( N) w. S. {
三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 9 u6 w4 l; A6 ]4 M3 @
$ l; P E B0 z$ g& G 五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
1 s) r3 |' V3 C
+ Y3 `& \ ~) ] 八股文 eight-legged essays , r$ h0 B$ Z7 b4 n" N: h2 ^
* x6 U3 e @8 z/ G 多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
" `! N' F! w2 @; @7 x3 I. Q$ x/ U4 h k6 t
养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age
- |' s) i1 }# r' {5 c0 q" f$ K" c1 y, I" B& V
8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 6 {$ }# o3 s# Q7 j l8 q
9 w. v, Z' j M
基层监督 grass-roots supervision
6 o! C# C; g* j8 ~ G+ f& z$ Y. a. U3 T: E+ S: Z4 C: f
基础税率 base tariff level : f' L5 H# z- Z& \
- y. E- N" q0 ]; d
婚介所 matrimonial agency
; D) g. H' Y2 V7 `- N( a# C- F- [8 Z( R
婚外恋 extramarital love
& F. K6 B9 ?7 n! |3 ?
' h3 y0 J0 C# l; G0 N) T3 O. B5 l 婚纱摄影 bride photo
" U c2 ~" z$ y$ r3 O. U7 P3 d: U- e( F5 v' D: N2 F1 \; K9 |
黑心棉 shoddy cotton
! Z% j9 c# w0 G5 H) ?; {$ M+ v" x" A6 h8 x! g0 T
机器阅卷 machine scoring
! `8 i! T! Q( M" K# B& `
f2 J c- I1 ?; | 即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
' l# S; G7 b% F7 `+ F. |+ O
0 H$ @5 _% c+ O 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
8 N) J J0 o) g, a( W; M
- T3 f/ b% J$ l. F( p. d/ B4 B 价格听证会 public price hearings
1 C2 R: _; y3 g" x
5 I) A% q5 C( L 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team
7 u! w( P* F& z) D
9 O5 l$ z" M# `1 Q) ?. h4 o! z 家政服务 household management service ( H+ ^5 Y$ K+ g( x
! V8 F% W6 j5 `. \7 Q, P0 P7 m3 t
加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion
2 ?) U8 X- b' \+ r! _4 | ^& T9 g
& f8 K9 o6 j2 j- ` c A 假帐 accounting fraud ! l- {6 h* X: K& a
/ B, z7 z9 {. ]5 A: S( L 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
% H% a! r8 @1 V* `% l7 A: \7 o+ `( T! |- Q- _' s
矫情 use lame arguments K; i" D M/ n$ Q
8 i) @/ R5 ~" G' h y" B0 ` 渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
: B5 y! T+ k- k# R" H8 W: [' g* t8 S+ L5 O9 b
借调 temporarily transfer 9 y! v$ h' a& p6 m! W9 m5 b" {
+ g* R0 a8 z/ |. j* ~
扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. 7 ~4 B. {, k: ~
% v* }' X ]5 d5 d- Y 扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
2 P# k! q! v( f2 Q8 G9 Y- ~
0 @& _, e0 d- w7 L# T; _. A# Z9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC) 6 e7 l V& ]. s5 {
主席团Presidium 4 \8 h2 |9 }& z5 k/ M
常务委员会Standing Committee : Q. t& W% k2 @% ~$ w0 c
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
. X1 D& `5 ]* T" e$ W' @ }% o- ^) F- A中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
6 |( c* E, M# {) T/ ~% I J国务院State Council ) x% q P( A) Q; Q1 q, N5 j
信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry # k. m# J/ R: y# f# P5 R& k
文化部Ministry of Culture
! P6 m8 A$ N/ Q9 C- H9 f卫生部Ministry of Public Health
8 k) }; {* Z1 F1 g; d& ?外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
* ]3 O- f. \- J6 \) r7 }# ^0 d国防部Ministry of National Defence % c( i# G& R2 b/ `0 p3 B }
教育部Ministry of Education * v) |. |5 @$ [. F2 \5 B) w- g
公安部 Ministry of Public Security
) ^2 L. B3 a2 L6 i国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
8 H% P" L( j+ {) ?2 j中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
* `3 y, m3 J2 ~ e+ B( n7 N; Y中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences y+ Q% ?* [3 j; o# K2 ]* Z l" U
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ) t5 k& b6 Y. a% P9 F
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering # C* ^/ m& B! o1 G- u
最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
9 e" g! t# l2 @: L8 k: d最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate 1 v ? D; I7 g8 I' D/ ~
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China $ {; {: [4 n# W
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
7 ~' Z$ I6 J+ c+ s4 x中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC
. y8 z3 |3 J; s8 [$ e# ]中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC # n% N5 g* E& D0 k
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC + K, k1 o s" ]
中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC & v) V' G5 Q; ~& h, P' Q* _
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC $ T/ J5 A) E, Z f+ U( V; K3 _
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) @& {6 r9 l1 P8 P
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC . { @! q5 x" k1 Z8 j1 Q
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC ' n! t6 u! v+ i
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
( f* J E7 v5 J& U7 z# N专门委员会Special Committee 1 m: }; _! K7 M$ i6 D
中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
4 {: M8 P" I6 Y* a) Z. E6 z. S中国政党Chinese Parties ; {- d/ z* ^+ w6 u2 k
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC)
' `+ L# D5 H, @# X- L( a3 ?中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang $ I; K i" e; J: [
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League 4 E. S( n/ T7 m0 C" ?$ a) q8 p8 b
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association : ~- G- G- L# q; t
中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy . y- D" l6 `: v9 N& J V
中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party
! ~* w- |6 A, p; O3 q中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang
5 y1 m5 f, M1 w九三学社Jiu San Society
9 v" b Y* u k, m中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
2 L9 U1 X0 f: u9 q中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee e5 Z/ ]: \( M
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
$ y8 t" Z* J% }" M7 C! u0 X政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
& E1 m5 [# V& N( t4 h! I4 M# E书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
/ R1 P/ g; i0 c' ]$ g6 q) m2 ^, u中央委员 Member, Central Committee
- l4 k. J4 C7 c; Y候补委员 Alternate Member ! j1 i0 ?& X( T/ N8 E9 e0 E
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC - S( |& s! j& U4 u7 s: S
中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
( [! Y$ O9 W! d% i全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
/ ^& Q& J) Y0 ^- K秘书长 Secretary-General
, A2 t/ a" Q0 E* Z7 x主任委员 Chairman ! j" K3 N/ @9 u8 @) G+ V5 L
委员 Member
\1 c7 F/ W- Y1 A" Z* W! z(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress
: e% F6 B' U5 J& d8 P人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress - g5 c! ]( m. L# s
国务院总理 Premier, State Council ' h# ^$ P/ t7 |! Z( n
国务委员 State Councilor
! U! c% ]0 C5 A4 H秘书长 Secretary-General 5 E: M+ H0 x0 ?# N8 }: H
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for 4 I/ t1 s7 d) s, ?$ j: h4 D/ o
(国务院各部)部长 Minister & l Q1 ]/ [& a" e
部长助理 Assistant Minister : Y$ U5 ^/ x: V
司长 Director
4 R2 i0 d# k$ I$ f局长 Director u V T8 E* O# I t2 q8 _
省长 Governor ; l& I0 w& ^8 `5 n! }/ A
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
% T; O3 b0 j9 \& l: w. m自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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